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AnP Ch 6 Part A
Chapter 6 Part A
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Skeletal Cartilage | Highly resilient tissue that consist of water |
Perichondrium | Layer of dense connective tissue surrounding cartilage like a girdle. |
Chondrocytes | Cells encased in small cavities with in jelly like extracellular matrix. |
Hyaline Cartilage | Support, flexibility and resilience. Abundant. Collagen fibers. Joints, ribs, respiratory and noes tip. |
Elastic Cartilage | Elastic fibers like ears |
Fibrocartilage | Thick collagen fibers. Tensile strength. Between bones of spine and knee. |
Appositional Growth | Opposite side. New matrix laid down on surface of cartilage. |
Interstital grownth | 2 ends. new matrix made with in cartilage. |
Support | body and soft organs |
Protection | brain, spinal cord and organs |
Movement | Levers for muscle action |
Mineral and Growth | Calcium and Phosphorus |
Blood Cell Formation | Production of blood cells |
Hematopoiesis | Red marrow cavities of bones |
Triglyceride | Fat used for energy source |
Hormone Production | Osteocalcin secreted by bones helps with insulin. |
Axial | Center of body. Skull, Vertabral column rib cage. |
Appendicular | Arms and legs. |
Long Bones | Longer than wide. Limb bones. |
Short bones | Cube shaped Wrist and ankle. not attached to another bone |
Sesamoid | Form with in tendons. |
Flat bones | Thin, flat, curved. Sternum, scapilae, ribs and skull |
Irregular Bones | Complicated shapes. Vertebrae and hip bones |
Level of Bone structure | Gross, Microscopic and Chemical. |
Compact Bone | Hard and Condensed |
Spongy Bone | Honeycomb, holes called trabeculae |
Trabeculae | spaces are filled with red or yellow bone marrow. Strength to bone. |
Periosteum | covers outside of compact bone |
Endosteum | Covers inside portion of compact bone. |
Diaphysis | Long bone shaft, tubular |
Epiphyses | Long bone ends, spongy bone. |
Epiphyseal Line | between Diaphysis and Epiphysis |
Epiphyseal Plate | Bone growth occurs. |
Periosteum | White, double layer membrane. Outercoting |
Osteogenic Layer | Generates bone. Stem cells rise |
Endosteum | Inner most layer. Covers spongy bone, Lines canals. |
Red marrow | Hematopoietic tissue. found in trabecular cavities and sternum. |
Medullary Cavities | In newborns, spongy bone contains red marrow. |
Bone markings | Projection, Depression and Opening. |
Projection | Outward bulge of bone |
Depression | Bowl or groove like cut out. |
Opening | Hole or canal in bone for blood vessels. |
Osteogenic Cells | Produce Stem Cells |
Osteoblast | bone forming, Secrete bone matrix. |
Osteocytes | Mature bone cells. No longer divide. |
Osteoclasts | Destroy bone, remodeling can occur |
Bone lining Cells | Flat, on internal and external surfaces, |
Compact Bone | Lamellar bone, Osteon, Canals, Interstitial. |
Osteon | Structure of compact bone. Parallel to long axis. Rings of bone matrix. |
Central (Haversian) Canal | Through core of osteon. Blood vessels and nerve fibers. |
Perforating (Volkmanns) Canal | lined with endosteum, right angles to central canal. |
Lacunae | Small cavities that contain osteocytes |
Canaliculi | Hair like canals. More channels |
Interstital Lamellae | Filling in gaps, not part of osteon. |
Circumferential Lamellae | Resist Twisting. |
Osteoid | makes up 1/3 of bone matrix. Ground substance and Collagen Fibers. |
Hydroxypaties | Mineral Salts. calcium. 65% bone mass. |