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HSF II Lab IV
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| [Blank] cells are specialized, non-contractile cells which cause the intrinsic stimulation of the heart. | Autorhythmic |
| What is the difference between an electrocardiograph and electrocardiogram? | An ECgraph is the machine/instrument used to record elec. changes in the heart, its output (chart recording of all elec. events prior to each heartbeat) is a ECgram |
| True or False: EKGs give info about the force of contraction of the cardiac muscle | False |
| Aside from the ANS, name one other factor which can cause extrinsic stimulation | Hormones |
| P wave | atrial depolarization |
| P-Q Interval | time between beginning of atria contracting and beginning of ventricles |
| T wave | ventricular repolarization |
| S-T segment | ventricular fibers fully depolarized |
| QRS complex | ventricular depolarization |
| Q-T interval | ventricles contracting (beginning of ventricular depolarization to end of ventricular repolarization) |
| One instance where heart rate >100 is normal | in young children |
| One instance in which a heart rate <60 is normal | highly conditioned people like athletes |
| What would you be concerned for in a patient who has persistent tachycardia? | they may develop fibrillation |
| Fibrillation | rapid, uncoordinated heart contractions |
| Cardiac Cycle | the time in seconds for one heartbeat |
| A lengthened P-Q interval could be indicative of a [blank], which is produced by cardiac damage to the AV node/ AV bundle and reduces the electrical conduction from the atria to the ventricles | heart block |
| Which segment of an EKG would you look at to determine if an individual has a right or left bundle branch block? | QRS complex |
| The relaxation period extends from the end of the (P or T?) wave to the start of the next (P or T?) wave | T/P |
| How do delta T times change as you look between data from subject laying down vs. after exercise? | Delta T times decreased after exercise when compared to laying down/resting (due to increase in heart rate) |
| What, if any, change would you expect to see in Q-T intervals with an increased heart rate? | Q-T interval shortening |
| The average angle/direction of depolarization of the heart is the (Mean Electrical Axis or Mean Electrical Magnitude) | Mean Electrical Axis |
| The average voltage of an action potential going through the heart is the (Mean Electrical Axis/ Mean Electrical Magnitude) | Mean Electrical Magnitude |
| Where does depolarization begin in the heart? | SA node |
| The AV node is unable to create the intrinsic pace of the heart in the absence of the SA node. True or False | False |
| (Lead I or Lead III?) is a horizontal axis of observation, while (Lead I / Lead III?) has an axis of about 120 degrees. | Lead I / Lead III |
| normal mean electrical axis | 60 |
| Is an MEA of 35 degrees right- or left-shifted? | Left, because less than 60 |
| If an individual had hypertrophy in their right ventricle, you could expect to observe a (right or left?) axis on their EKG tracing. | Right |
| If an individual had a left bundle branch block, you could expect to observe a (right or left?) axis on their EKG tracing. | Left |
| Autorhythmic Cells | cause intrinsic stimulation, the heart beats by itself |
| Intrinsic Stimulation | by autorhythmic cells, makes the heart beat by itself |
| Extrinsic Stimulation | heart stimulation by the ANS and hormones |
| Intrinsic Conduction System | initiates action potential that causes cardiac muscle contraction, provides a pathway to conduct to all cardiac muscle fibers |
| Electrocardiograph | used to record the electrical charges of the heart |
| Electrocardiogram | ECG or EKG, chart recording the elec. events of each heartbeat, recorded from the whole heart |
| Normal Sinus Rhythm | NSR, 60-100 beats/min for adults |
| Tachycardia | heart rate above 100 beats/min, prolonged can cause fibrillation |
| Bradycardia | heart rate below 60 beats/min |
| Heart Block | P-Q intervals >0.2 sec, produced by cardiac damage to the AV node or AV bundle. |
| Complete Heart Block | results in ventricles depolarizing independently from the atria |
| Myocardial Ischemia | decreased blood flow, increased Q-T interval |
| Myocardial Damage | lengthens Q-T interval |
| Relaxation Period | end of T wave to start of next P wave |
| Mean Electrical Axis | average direction of depolarization, deviation shows heart disorders |
| Hypertrophy of One Ventricle | shifts the mean axis of dep. toward the hypertrophied ventricle because it takes longer to depolarize |
| Left Ventricle Hypertrophy | caused by hypertension or narrowing of the aortic semilunar valve |
| Right Axis Deviation | Right bundle branch block, or right ventricle hypertrophy |
Created by:
connorquinby
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