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skeletal system 8/17
bones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| skeletal system mechanical functions: | Framework, proteccts, movement (acts as rigid bar in a lever) sound transduction. |
| skeletal system synthetic functions: | hematopoiesis (blood production) |
| skeletal system metabolic functions: | stores minerals (ca, P, Mg,stores adipose fat in medullary cavity of long bones,acid-base balance-bones release & absorb alkaline salts that keep ph balanced...., detoxify blood-absorb heavy metals from blood and release them later. |
| number of bones in a fetus | 270 that ultimately fuse to 206 total bones. |
| what two sub divisions is the skel system comprised of: | axial made up of 80 bones, and appendicular made up of 126. |
| Long bones | humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals |
| short bones | carpals and tarsals |
| flat bones | cranials, sternum, rib cage, scapula |
| irregular bones | facial, vertebrae, coceyx, hips |
| sesamoid | bones are wrapped in connective tissue, knee cap,,,patella |
| wormian or sutural bone | extra bones found between the sutures of cranial bone. predominantly between the parietal and occipital bones. |
| bone ossification origin: | during gastula stage of embryological dev. (3 wks after conc.) 3 germ layers are formed from which all organs are derived. |
| 3 germ layers include (superior to inferior) | ectodermmesodermendoderm |
| bones are derived from what layer? | mesodermal layer (some of the mesodermal cells differentiate to form mesenchymal cells. |
| once thhe osteoblast is formed it will establish what? | bone tissue |
| what is the embryonic skeleton comprised of: | hyaline cartilage (avascular no blood)fibrous cartilage (highly vascularized lots of blood) |
| when does the ossification process begin and end? | 6th and 7th week of prenatal life and is not complete until adulthood. |
| endochondral ossification | converts hyaline cartilage to bonemost common ossification processalmost every bone is formed this way |
| intramembranous ossification | converts the highly vascularized fibrous connective tissue to bone. least common ossif processforms cranial bones, mandible, and clavicles. |
| what is bone comprised of: | bone tissue |
| what is bone tissue comprised of: | matrix & cells |
| matrix | 25% h20 25% collagen adds flexability to bone50% mineral salts (hydroxyapatite, ca2 Co3-they both add hardness to bone. |
| what are the bone tissue cells | osteoprogenitorosteoblastosteocyteosteoclast |
| Osteoprogenitor | derived from mesenchymal cellsdifferentiate into osteoblasts |
| Osteoblast | immature bone cellderived from osteoprogenitoris a boone establishing cell (lays down the matrix of bone once the matrix is established it entraps inself in a space called a lacuna and converts to osteocyte |
| osteocyte | mature bone cellmaintains the viability of the bone tissue via the dev of long appendages called canaliculi- caniculi are capillary like structure that permit an osteocyte to communicate w/ other osteocyte also nutrient and waste exchange between |
| osteoclast | derived from wbca bone resorption or break down cell largest bone cell and has multinucleation & vacoules that contain acids and enzymes to break down bone |
| epiphysis | comprises of outer compact and inner cancellous bone.covered by articulating hyaline cartilage prevents bone rub. |
| metaphysis | area between epiphyses and diaphysishouses the epiphseal growth plate site of endochondrial ossif for first 21 yearsof life |
| diaphysis | make up of compact bone.houses the cavit that contains yellow marrowhouses nutrient famina that allow blood and lymph vessel to access bone. |
| periosteum | highly vascularized conn tissue.covers all bone with exception of the articulating cartilage on the epiphysesconsist of 2 layers. outer layer is called fibrous peristeum |
| what acts as an attchment site for muscles via tendons | periosteum |
| periosteum | inner layer is called osteogenic layer provides bone cells blood and lymph supply to bone that enter thru nutrient foramina in diaphysis. |
| perichondrium | highly vascularized conn tissue and surrounds the articulating hyaline cart of epiphysisprovides blood supply to avascular hyaline cart. |
Created by:
JLRoss12
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