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Anatomy Test
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. | Contractility |
The ability of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. | Excitability |
The ability to be stretched. | Extensibility |
The ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. | Elasticity |
Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle. | Epimysium |
Connective tissue located outside the epimysium, surrounds/separates muscles. | Fascia |
Visible bundles that compose a muscle. | Muscle fasciculi (fascicle) |
Loose connective tissue that surrounds the fasciculi. | Perimysium |
Fasciculi are made up of single muscle cells called... | Fibers |
Each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the | Endomysium |
The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | Myofibrils |
A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | Myofibrils |
2 major types of protein fibers | Actin myofilaments & myosin myofilaments |
Actin myofilaments | Thin, resemble two strands of pearls twisted together |
Myosin myofilaments | Thick, resemble bundles of golf clubs |
Actin and myosin myofilaments form ordered units which are | Sarcomeres |
Sarcomeres are joined end to end to form the | Myofibril |
The basic structural & functional unit of the muscle | Sarcomeres |
Each sarcomere extends from | One Z line to another Z line |
Each Z line is an attachment site for | Actin |
On each side of the Z line is a light area called an | I band |
I bands consists of | Actin |
Muscle cells | Muscle fibers |
Buttocks | Gluteus maximus |
Chest muscle | Pectoral muscle |
Anterior thigh muscle | Quadriceps femoris |
Posterior thigh muscle | Hamstrings |
Back muscle | Latissimus dorsi |
Muscle responsible fro smiling | Zygomaticus |
Muscle responsible for sneering | Levator labii superioris |
Muscle responsible for frowning | Depressor anguli oris |
Closes the eyelid | Orbicularis oculi |
Puckers the mouth | Orbicularis oris |
Flattens the cheeks | Buccinator |
The most stationary part of a muscle | Origin |
The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion |
The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | Belly |
ATP | Needed for energy for muscle contraction |
ATP is produced in the | Mitochondria |
ATP is | Short-lived & unstable |
ATP degenerates to | The more stable ADP, plus phosphate |
When at rest muscle cells can't stockpile ATP but can store | Creatine phosphate |
Anaerobic respiration | Without oxygen |
Aerobic respiration | With oxygen |
Muscle fatigue results when | ATP is used during the muscle contractions faster than it can be produced |
2 types of muscle contractions | Isometric and isotonic |
Insertion | The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
Origin | The most stationary end of the muscle |
Synergists | Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
Antagonists | Muscles that work in opposition to one another |
Occipitofrontalis | Raises the eyebrows |
Orbicularis oculi | Closes the eyelids & causes crows feet |
Orbicularis oris | Puckers the lips |
Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks |
Orbicularis oris & buccinator | The kissing muscles |
Zygomaticus | Smiling muscles |
Levator labii superioris | Sneering |
Depressor anguli oris | Frowning |
Mastication-4 pairs | Chewing |
Intrinsic tongue muscles | Change the shape of the tongue |
Extrinsic tongue muscles | Move the tongue |
Neck muscle | Sternocleidomastoid |
Frontalis | Forehead |
Platysma | Front neck muscle |
Temporalis | Above ear |
Masseter | Jaw like |
Trapezius | Back neck |
Cranial aponeurosis | Top of head |
Triceps brachii | Extends the forearm |
Biceps brachii | Flexes the forearm |
Brachialis | Flexes forearm |
Brachioradialis | Flexes and supinates the forearm |
Flexor carpi | Flexes the wrist |
Extensor carpi | Extends the wrist |
Flexor digitorium | Extends the fingers |