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History of Medicine
Chapter 1; History of Medicine; History & Trends of Health Care
| Term/ Question | Definition |
|---|---|
| In what ways has medicine changed over the years? | There are more technological features. More different antibiotics, medications that children can take, and inhalers. |
| How does the history of medicine influence the future? | there are more cures to diseases that were killing many people before, now. |
| Retrovirus | any of a group of RNA viruses that insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate. |
| Bacteriostatic | a biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from reproducing, while not necessarily killing them otherwise. |
| Oncogene | a gene that in certain circumstances can transform a cell into a tumor cell. |
| Andreas Yesalius | Human Anatomy: dissected bodies; wrote a book on The Structure of Human Anatomy. |
| William Harvey | Described the circulation of blood to and from the heart. |
| Karl Landsteiner | Blood variation. Developed 4 blood types; A, B, AB, and O. Made organ transplant possible using blood transfusion. |
| Dr. Horace Wells & William Morton & Crawford Long | Used Nitrious Oxide & ether for Anesthesia. Also used chloroform to help women to have a pain free childbirth. |
| William Roentgen | Discovered X-rays in 1895. |
| Ignaz Semmelweis | Solved germs in maternity by chlorid (child bed fever). Hand washing |
| Louis Pasteur | Began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria. |
| Edward Jenner | Developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796. |
| Jonas Salk | Developed the polio vaccine in 1952. |
| James Lind | Scurvy; vitamin C deficiency (ascorbic acid) |
| Sir Alexander Fleming | Discovered penicillin in 1928 |
| Howard Florey & Erns Chain | Perfected penicillian |
| Gerhard Domagk | Prontosil. Sulfa drug. Cured bacterial infection. Also used as a chemo drug. |
| Sir Frederick Grant Banting, Charles Best, John James, and Rickard Macleod | Insulin for diabetes in 1920. Type 1- juvenile diabetes Type 2- older people; diets or oral meds can also play a part |
| Michael Bishop, Harold Varmus | Discovered cancer causing genes. |
| Luck Montagner, Robert Gallo | Discovered aids, and HIV. |
| Carla Barton | Founded the American Red Cross in 1881. |
| Chinese | Used acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion. |
| Marie Curie | Isolated radium in 1910. |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Artist who used dissection to draw the human body. |
| Dark Ages | Emphasis was placed on saving the soul and study of medicine prohibited. |
| Egyptians | Earliest people known to maintain accurate health records. |
| Gabriel Farenhiet | Created the first mercury thermometer. |
| William Harvey | Described the circulation of blood to and from the heart. |
| Hippocrates | The father of medicine. |
| Robert Koch | Developed the culture plate method to identity pathogens. |
| Joseph Lister | Began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery. |
| Gregory Mendel | Established the patterns of heredity. |
| Florence Nightingale | Founder of modern nursing. |
| Rhazes | An Arab physician who began the use of animal gut for suture material. |
| Romans | Began public health and sanitation systems |
| What did ancient people think was the cause of disease and illness? | Evil Spirits, Demons, and Sin |
| List 4 things Hippocrates stressed to help the body heal itself. | Good diet, Fresh Air, Cleanliness, and Exercise. |
| What is the Rod of Asclepius? | The Greek symbol associated with medicine and healing. Was founded in ancient Greece. |
| In the Dark Ages, what was the main method used to treat illness and disease? | Prayer and divine intervention. |
| List at least four diseases that shortened the life span of individuals in the Middle Ages. | The Black Plague, Flu, Smallpox, and Polio |
| Why was dissection a major advance in health care during the Renaissance? | Doctors could now view body organs and see the connection between different systems. |
| What was the significance of the invention of the microscope in 1666 | It allowed physicians to see organisms that are too small to be seen by the human eye and could look at many of the pathogenic organisms that cause disease. |
| What did apothecaries use to make many of the medications in the 17th century? | They were made from plants and herbs similar to those used in ancient times. |
| Why was the invention of the stethoscope in 1819 important? | It was used to listen to the various sounds made by the heart and lungs. |
| Identify four women who made important contributions to the advance of health care in the 19th century. Why were their contributions important? | Rene Lannec- Stethoscope Florence Nightingale- Founder of modern nursing Carla Barton- Founder of the American Red Cross Francis Clarke- Patented the first Electrical Hearing Aids |
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adriannamolla04
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