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AH 112: Respiratory
Study material for the respiratory system unit--B. Poole
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is respiration? | the sequence of events that results in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body cells |
| What is external respiration? | the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood |
| What is internal respiration? | the exchange of gases between the blood and tissue cells |
| What is cellular respiration? | when the cells use oxygen for their specific activity; also called cellular metabolism |
| What is another term for breathing? | Pulmonary ventilation |
| What is pulmonary ventilation? | the process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration (breathing in) and out of the lungs during expiration (breathing out) |
| What is atmospheric pressure? | pressure of the air outside the body |
| What is intra-alveolar pressure? | pressure inside the alveoli of the lungs |
| What is intrapleural pressure? | pressure within the pleural cavity |
| What is a breath? | One complete respiratory cycle that consists of one inspiration and one expiration |
| What are the respiratory conducting passages divided into? | Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract |
| What makes up the upper respiratory tract? | nose, pharynx, and larynx |
| What makes up the lower respiratory tract? | trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs |
| What does the framework of the nose consist of? | Bone and cartilage |
| What is the pharynx commonly called? | the throat |
| What are the three regions of the pharynx? | nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
| What is the larynx commonly called? | the voice box, or glottis |
| What is the role of the vocal chords? | they close together and vibrate as air expelled from the lungs passes between them |
| What is the trachea commonly called? | the windpipe |
| What is the trachea's role? | It is the airway to the lungs |
| Where are the bronchi? | at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra, the trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi. The bronchi branch into smaller and smaller passageways until they end in tiny air sacs called alveoli |
| Where are the lungs located? | In the thoracic cavity |
| What is the texture of lungs? | soft and spongy, because they are mostly air spaces surrounded by the alveolar cells and elastic connective tissue |
| What separates the lungs from one another? | the mediastinum, which contains the heart |
| Which lung is shorter, broader, and has a greater volume than the other? | the right lung |
| What is used to measure respiratory volumes and capacities? | a spirometer |
| What are the names of the cavities that open into the nasal cavity? | frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses |
| How many lobes does the right lung have? | three |
| How many lobes does the left lung have? | two |
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LCC
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