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A&P III
Circulatory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the function of the circulatory system | move nutrients, gas and waste to and from the cells in the body stabilize BT and pH |
| arteries and arterioles carry blood______ the ________ to ________ | from, heart , tissue |
| what does a venules do | merge to form veins that bring blood back to the heart |
| what is vasa vasorum | a vessel in the wall of a larger vessel |
| what is Blood pressure | Pressure on walls of a vessel caused by contraction of the ventricles |
| true or false Water retention increases blood pressure | true |
| what is the The top number in blood pressure | systolic |
| what is the systolic reading | the maximum pressure exerted when the heart (left ventricle) contracts. |
| what is The bottom number in blood pressure | diastolic |
| what is diastolic | the pressure in the arteries when the heart (left ventricle) is at rest. |
| what tools are used to measure BP | stethoscope and a sphygmomanometer |
| BP is ____ in arteries; ______ in veins | Greater , lower |
| what is BP influenced by | heart rate, blood volume, blood thickness, blood vessel diameter and length, amount of blood pumped with each beat, age (BP rises with age: arteries less distensible) elasticity of the arteries. |
| what is Hypertension | BP > 140/90 |
| what is Hypotension | BP < 110/70 |
| Does obesity cause high BP | yes |
| what is Venous Return | Volume of blood flowing back to the heart from the systemic veins |
| what is syncope | Fainting or a sudden, temporary loss of consciousness not due to trauma lack of blood flow to the brain |
| what is shock | failure of cardiovascular system to deliver enough O2 and nutrients |
| name 2 types of shock | Hypovolemic Cardiogenic |
| define Cardiogenic | shock caused by damage to pumping action of the heart (MI, ischemia, valve problems or arrhythmias) |
| define Hypovolemic | shock due to loss of blood or body fluids (hemorrhage, sweating, diarrhea) |
| describe the Basic Anatomy of Circulatory routes | |
| describe what a capillaries is | walls one-cell thick which allows for diffusion of nutrients between cells & blood |
| what does the vein do | carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart thin walls |
| describe arteries | carry oxygenated blood away from the heart thick, elastic walls |
| pulmonary arteries carry | deoxygenated blood |
| name characteristic of veins | Have smooth muscle in their walls, but less than in arteries Have oval interiors/are somewhat flattened Blood pressure is much less than in arteries Most of the blood in the body is within veins |
| name characteristic arteries | Have thick walls of smooth muscle, which contract to help move blood along Blood pressure is highest in arteries Blood flow is fastest in larger arteries |
| name the 3 layers of tissue surrounding “lumen” in veins and arteries | tunica interna, tunica media & tunica externa |
| name the innermost endothelium of simple squamous epithelium + basement membrane (= endocardium) | Tunica Interna |
| name the middle layer containing smooth muscle (for contractility/vasoconstriction) & elastic CT (for elasticity) | Tunica Media |
| name the layer made of collagenous CT | Tunica Externa (a.k.a. adventitia) |
| what is a Venules made of – | endothelium (tunica interna) + thin layer of CT (tunica externa) |
| what occurs at the capillary bed. | vital exchange between blood and interstitial fluid |
| which is the most important vessel | capillaries |
| how thick is the Capillary wall | single cell thick, blood passes single file |
| describe key points of the Pulmonary circuit | Right side of heart Receives blood from systemic circulation Ejects blood into pulmonary trunk then pulmonary arteries Gas exchange in pulmonary capillaries Pulmonary veins takes blood to left atrium |
| Systemic circuit-Left side of heart | Receives blood from lungs Ejects blood into aorta Systemic arteries, arterioles Gas and nutrient exchange in systemic capillaries Systemic venules and veins lead back to right atrium Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus |
| which is largest artery of the body | Aorta |
| what branches to the arms & head | arch of aorta -- |
| name what branches to the arms & head off the arch of aorta | brachiocephalic trunk branches into right and left common carotid and right and left subclavian |
| Thoracic aorta supplies branches where | to pericardium, esophagus, bronchi, diaphragm, intercostal & chest muscles, mammary gland, skin, vertebrae and spinal cord |
| Abdominal aorta supplies branches to the | abdominal and pelvic viscera and lower limbs |
| what is the Circle of Willis on base of brain formed by | anastomosis of basilar & paired internal carotid aa |
| Blood from the lower extremities and abd. enter where | enters the IVC |
| Venous blood from the head, neck ,upper extremities and thoracic cavity, with the exception of the lungs, drains where | drains into the SVC. |
| The large veins of the cranial cavity, formed by the dura mater, are called | sinuses. |
| where is Drained blood from entire body returned to | to right side of heart |
| name what empties into the right atrium | super and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus |
| superior vena cava drains t | he head and upper extremities |
| inferior vena cava drains the | abdomen, pelvis & lower limbs |
| coronary sinus is large vein draining the | heart muscle back into the heart |
| Pulmonary Circulation carries what DF, RV, AL, R, LA | Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to air sacs in the lungs and returns it to the left atria |
| Pulmonary Circulation Vessels include | pulmonary trunk, arteries and veins |
| describe the route of the Pulmonary Circulation | Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle enters the lungs via the Pulmonary trunk (Artery). |
| The pulmonary capillaries unite to form what | venules. |
| name the 4 branches of pulmonary veins. | 2 left pulmonary veins 2 right pulmonary veins |
| Exchange between fetal and maternal circulations occur where | at the placenta. |
| Oxygen from placenta reaches heart via | fetal veins in umbilical cord. |
| what is a Aneurysm | abnormal widening (balooning) of arterial wall |
| what is Varicose veins (varices) | enlarged veins in which blood pools rather than continue on towards the heart. Varicosities, also called varices most commonly occur in superficial veins near the surface of the body |
| Thrombophlebitis | vein inflammation (phlebitis) accompanied by clot (thrombus) formation |
| what does the ascending aorta supply | 2 coronary arteries supply myocardium |
| Right & left coronary arteries branch to supply what | to supply heart muscle |
| what is the branching network at the capillary bed | heart down to arteries down to arterioles over to capillary up to venues up to veins over to heart |
| pulmonary arteries carry what kind of blood | deoxygenated |
| Systemic circulation is ___side ___ to _____& back to _______ | left heart body heart |
| Pulmonary circulation is____-side_____ to_____ & back to ____ | right heart lungs heart |
| Fetal circulation is from fetal___through_____ to ______ & back | heart \umbilical cord placenta |
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knt5411
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