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Gluteal Thigh Muscle
Gluteal and Thigh Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many axis are there in the hip joint? | 3 |
| What is the orientation of the axis for the movement of flexion and extension? | Medially to laterally in coronal plane Movement is in sagittal plane |
| What is the orientation of the axis for the moment of abduction and adduction? | Anteriorly to posteriorly in sagittal plane Movement is in coronal plane |
| What ist he orientation of the axis for the movement of rotation? | Oriented vertically in transverse plane |
| What are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region? | Gluteus maximus, medius, minimus TFL |
| The superficial gluteal nerve innervates all the superficial muscles of gluteal region except for? | Gluteus maximus |
| What innervates the gluteus maximus? | Inferior gluteal nerve |
| What are the deep muscles of the gluteal region? | Piriformis Superior gemelli Obturator internus Inferior gemelli Quadrates femoris Obturator externus |
| Abduction is the common function of what deep muscle groups? | Piriformis, superior/inferior gemelli, obturator internus |
| Adduction is common function of what deep muscle groups? | Quadrates femoris Obturator externus |
| Sacral plexus innervates all deep muscle groups except what? | Obturator externus |
| What innervates the obturator externus? | Obturator nerve |
| What covers the posterior third of the gluteus medius? | Gluteus maximus |
| What is the origin of the gluteus medius? | Anterior/posterior gluteal line |
| What is the insertion of the gluteus medius? | Greater trochanter |
| What is the trendelenburg sign? | Ask patient to lift leg and to balance on leg If dropped, then could be gluteus medius/minimus problem or the nerve |
| What does a waddling gait indicate? | Paralyzation on both gluteus medius/minimus |
| What is the origin of the gluteus minimus? | Anterior/inferior gluteal line |
| What is the insertion of the gluteus minimus? | Greater trochanter |
| What is the action of gluteus min? | All except adduction |
| What is the tensor fascia latae? | Thickening of thigh deep fascia |
| What can act like a tendon for the gluteus max and TFL? | IT band |
| IT band attaches to what? | Gerry's tubercle |
| What helps stabilize the patella? | Quadriceps Glute max and TFL both keep knee stable via IT band - extension of knee |
| What is the origin of TFL? | ASIS and iliac crest (anterior aspect) |
| What is the insertion of TFL? | IT band below greater trochanter |
| What is the origin of the superior gemelli? | Ischial spine |
| What is the insertion of the superior and inferior gemelli? | Greater trochanter |
| What is the action of the superior and inferior gemelli? | External rotation Horizontal abduction of hip Abduction of thigh when hip is flexed |
| What is the origin of the inferior gemelli? | ischial tuberosity |
| What is the origin of the obturator internus? | Obturator foramen and obturator membrane |
| What is the insertion of the obturator internus? | Greater trochanter |
| What is the action of the obturator internus? | External rotation Horizontal abduction of hip Abduction of thigh when hip is flexed |
| What is the origin of the quadratus femoris? | Ischial tuberosity |
| What is the insertion of the quadratus femoris? | interochanteric crest of femur |
| What is the origin of the obturatus externus? | Obturator foramen and obturator membrane |
| What is the insertion of the obturatus externus? | trochanteric fossa of femur |
| What is the origin of the gluteus maximus? | Sacrum Coccyx Sacrotuberous ligament Posterior iliac crest |
| What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus? | Gluteal tuberosity on femur IT band |
| What is the insertion of the iliopsoas? | Lesser trochanter |
| What is the origin of the Psoas major | TP of L1-L5 Vertebral bodies of T12-L5 - intervening intervertebral disks |
| What is the action of the iliopsoas? | Flexion and lateral rotation of hip Anterior pelvic tilt |
| What are the 3 compartments that the inter muscular septa from the deep fascia divides the thigh into? | Anterior Medial Posterior |
| What action does each compartment do? | Anterior - extensor Medial - adductor Posterior - flexor |
| What muscle group does the anterior compartment house and what innervates those muscles? | Extensor muscles of thigh Femoral nerve |
| Why is the sartorial an exception to its compartment? | Located in anterior compartment and is innervated by femoral nerve But flexes the hip and knee joint |
| What muscle group does the medial compartment house and what innervates those muscles? | Adductor muscles Obturator nerve |
| What muscle group does the posterior compartment house and what innervates those muscles? | Flexor muscles Sciatic nerve |
| What muscles are located in the posterior thigh? | Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus |
| What is the origin of the posterior thigh muscles? | Ischial tuberosity |
| What is the exception the origin of the posterior thigh muscles? | Short head of the biceps femoris Attaches to lateral lip of linea aspera |
| What is the insertion of the biceps femoris? | Head of fibula |
| What is the insertion of the semimembranosus? | Medial tibial condyle |
| What is the insertion of the semitendinosus? | Pes anserine |
| What is the common function of the posterior thigh muscles? | Extension of hip Flexion of knee |
| What is the action of the biceps femoris? | Extension of hip Flexion of knee Lateral rotation of knee when knee is flexed |
| What is the action of the semitendinosus and semimembranosus? | Extension of hip Flexion of knee Medial rotation of knee when knee is flexed |
| What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh? | Sartorius Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis/intermedius/medialis |
| What is the origin of the sartorius? | ASIS |
| What is the insertion of the sartorius? | Pes anserine |
| What is the origin of the rectus femoris? | AIIS |
| What is the origin of vastus lateralis? | Lateral lip of linea aspera Intertrochanteric line Gluteal tuberosity |
| What is the origin of vastus medialis? | Medial lip of linea aspera Intertrochanteric line |
| What is the origin of vastus intermedialis? | Anterior lateral surface of femur |
| What is the common insertion for anterior compartment, except for which muscle? | Tibial tuberosity Except Sartorius (pes anserine) |
| Which quadriceps muscle acts on two joints? | Rectus femoris |
| What is the largest quadriceps muscle? | Vastus lateralis |
| What is the origin of the articularis genus? | Anterior surface of lower body of femur |
| What is the insertion of the articularis genus? | Upper part of capsule and synovial membrane of knee joint |
| What is the function of the articularis genus? | Elevates capsule and synovial membrane of knee joint Prevents them from being pinched during extension of leg |
| What muscles make up the medial compartment of thigh? | Pectineus Abductor magnus/longus/brevis Gracilis |
| What is the exception to the general rule of innervation for the medial compartment? | Pectineus - femoral nerve Adductor magnus - obturator and tibial nerve |
| What is the origin and insertion of pectineus? | O- pectineal line of pubis I - pectineal line of femur |
| What is the common function of the medial compartment thigh muscles? | Adduction and flexion of hip |
| What is the common function of the adductor muscles, besides adduction and flexion of hip? | Lateral rotation of thigh |
| What is the origin of the adductor longus? | Anterior surface of pubis |
| What is the insertion of the adductor longus? | Medial lip of linea aspera |
| What is the origin of the adductor brevis? | Body and inferior ramus of pubis |
| What is the insertion of the adductor brevis? | Medial lip of linea aspera |
| What is the origin of the gracilis? | Body and inferior ramus of pubis |
| What is the insertion of the gracilis? | Pes anserine |
| What is the origin of the adductor magnus? | Anterior head - ischiopubic ramus Posterior head - ischial tuberosity |
| What is the insertion of the adductor magnus? | Anterior head - linea aspera Posterior head - adductor tubercle of femur |
| What is the hamstring part and adductor part of the adductor magnus? | Adductor - anterior head Hamstring - posterior head |
| What is the function of gracilis? | Adduction and flexion of hip Flexion and medial rotation of knee |
| What is the fascia lata? | A tough fibrous sheath that invests the entire of the thigh like a sleeve |
| What is it called where the fascia lata is thickened laterally? | IT band |
| What is significant about the upper part of the IT band? | It is split and invests the tensor fascia lata muscle between its two layers and acts as a tendon for this muscle |
| The obturator nerve innervates what compartment and what are the exceptions? | All muscles in the medial compartment except pectineus which is innervated by femoral nerve and adductor magnus which is innervated by the obturator and tibial nerves |
| What is pes anserinus latin for? | Goosefoot |
| What is the femoral triangle? | A triangular depression on the front of the upper part of the thigh immediately below the inguinal ligament? |
| What forms the sides of the femoral triangle | Laterally by the sartorius, medially by the adductor longus, and its base is formed by the inguinal ligament. The base is continuous, below, with the adductor canal |
| What is the adductor canal? | An intermuscular space situated on the medial side of the middle of the 1/3 of the thigh that ends in the adductor hiatus |
| What are the contents of the femoral triangle? | From medial to lateral - femoral vein, artery, and nerve (VAN) |
| What causes a femoral hernia? | When portion of tissue pushes into the femoral triangle canal |
| Where is the trochanteric bursa located between? | Gluteus maximus and greater trochanter |
| Where is the ischial bursa located between? | Gluteus maximus and ischial tuberosity |
| Where is the gluteofemoral bursa located between? | Between IT band and vastus lateralis |
Created by:
nnguyen44
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