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Anat1 - Bones
(Week 2)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The five functions of bone are: | support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation |
| Long bones consist of a _______ and an _______. | diaphysis, epiphysis |
| The _______ is a tubular shaft that forms the axis of long bones. | diaphysis |
| The _______ are the expanded ends of long bones. | epiphyses |
| _______ _______ _______ is contained in the medullary cavity of the diaphysis. | Yellow bone marrow |
| The diaphysis of long bone is composed of _______ bone that surrounds the medullary cavity. | compact |
| The exterior of the epiphysis of a long bone is _______ bone, and the interior is _______ bone. | compact, spongy |
| The joint surface of the epiphysis of a long bone is covered with _______ cartilage. | articular (hyaline) |
| The _______ _______ separates the diaphysis from the epiphyses. | epiphyseal plate or line (aka metaphysis) |
| The _______ _______ is a disk of hyaline cartilage where growth occurs during childhood. It fuses when growth stops. | epiphyseal plate or line (aka metaphysis) |
| Short, Irregular, and Flat Bones have no _______ or _______. | diaphysis, epiphyses |
| Short, Irregular, and Flat Bones contain _______ _______ between the trabeculae. | bone marrow |
| Short, Irregular, and Flat Bones consist of thin plates of periosteum-covered _______ bone on the outside with endosteum-covered ______ bone on the inside. | compact, spongy |
| The spongy bone in flat bones is also called: | diploë |
| In infants, red bone marrow is found in the _______ _______ and all areas of _______ bone. | medullary cavity, spongy |
| In adults, red bone marrow is found in the _______ of flat bones, and in the head of the _______ and _______. | diploë, femur, humerus |
| The _______ is a double-layered protective membrane surrounding bone. | periosteum |
| The outer fibrous layer of the _______ is dense regular connective tissue. | periosteum |
| The inner osteogenic layer of the periosteum is composed of _______ and _______. | osteoblasts, osteoclasts |
| The periosteum is secured to underlying bone by _______ _______. | Sharpey's fibers |
| The _______ is a delicate membrane covering the internal surfaces of bone. | endosteum |
| Osteoblasts _______ bone. | build |
| Osteoclasts _______ bone. | resorb/ break down |
| _______ are star-shaped cells found in bone. They are mature bone cells. | osteocytes |
| _______ become osteocytes. | Osteoblasts |
| The structural unit of compact bone is the: | Osteon or Haversian System |
| The central channel containing blood vessels and nerves is the: | Haversian canal or Central canal |
| The weight bearing columns of concentric rings/matrix tubes composed mainly of collagen are: | lamella |
| The channels lying at right angles to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the central canal are: | volkmann's canals |
| The small cavities in bone that contains osteocytes are: | lacunae |
| The hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal are: | Canaliculus (sing: canaliculi) |
| The _______ is the unmineralized bone matrix composed of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagen. | osteoid |
| True or False: Bone is a dynamic and active tissue, it undergoes continual change, its architecture changes in response to forces placed upon it. | True |
| Rising blood Ca2+ levels trigger the thyroid to release _______, which stimulates calcium salt deposits in bone. | calcitonin |
| Falling blood Ca2+ levels signal the parathyroid glands to release _______, which signals osteoclasts to degrade bone matrix and release Ca2+ into the blood. | PTH (parathyroid hormone) |
| _______ _______ states that a bone grows or remodels in response to the forces or demands placed upon it. | Wolff's law |
| _______ is the most abundant mineral in the body. | Calcium |
| _______ _______ exercise builds denser, stronger bones. | weight-bearing |
Created by:
sdouglass
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