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Anatomy
Cell Structure - chapter 5
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Cytoplasm | Uniform fluid filling spaces between plasma membrane and nucleus |
Plasma Membrane | Makes up the outer boundary of the cell |
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Small network located deep inside cytoplasm |
Smooth ER | *NO RIBOSOMES* Destroys toxins and changes glycogen into glucose |
Rough ER | has Ribosomes - rough appearance Facilitate production of phospholipids |
Ribosomes | Make proteins *aka protein factory ex - mRNA, tRNA |
Golgi Apparatus | Membranous organelle consisting of separate tiny sacs (cisternae) Processes and packages protein molecules for export from the cell |
Lysosome | Helps cell to break down unneeded proteins *aka cellular garbage disposal destroys MANY at a time |
Prosteasomes | Breaks down abnormal and misfolded proteins in cytoplasm that are no longer needed *Prevents abnormal cell function and disease Destroys ONE at a time |
Mitochondria "power house of the cell" | Extracts energy from nutrient molecules and uses it to build ATP |
Nucleus | Largest cell structure containing DNA and chromatin |
Chromatin | Tiny bundles of tangled threads sprinkled with granules |
Cytoskeleton | Cells internal supporting framework |
What are a muscles smallest fiber? | Microfilaments |
Centrosome | Region of the cytoplasm near nucleus that coordinates building/breaking apart of microtubules |
Microtubules | "engines" of a cell Moves things around the cell or moves entire cell |
Microvilli | Covers surface of a cell *found in lining of intestines, epithelial cells, and other areas of absorption |
Cilia | Cylinder composed of 9 double microtubules arranged around 2 microtubules in center |
Desmosomes | Hold adjacent cells together ex skin cells |