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A&P Unit 3&&
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tissue | group of cells working together to perform a function Contain 2 parts - the living and the extracellular matrix- non living |
| Histology | study of tissue |
| Extraceullular matrix (ECM or just Matrix) | non living part of the cell. located between the cells. secreted by the cells in the tissue. Very abundant in CT but Scare in Epi and muscle tissue |
| 4 type of tissue | Epithelial(epi), Connective tissue (CT), muscle tissue, Nervous tissue |
| Cell junctions | Point where membranes of adjacent cells meet 3 types |
| Tight junctions | Impermeable junctions(do not allow anything through) Function: Prevents leakage from hollow organ Structure: Membrane proteins adjacent cells are fused together which seals off the space between the adjacent cells and forms a tight seal between cells |
| Desmosome | Anchoring junctions(holds cells tightly together Structure thickened area of the membranes(plaque)Functions: Prevents separation of cells, holds cells together as a sheet Located where tissue has physical(mechanical) stress |
| Plaque | attaches Microfilaments or intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton |
| Hemidesmosome | special type of desmosome. Half a desmosome. Functions: attach cell to basement membrane |
| Gap junction | communication junctions(allows cell to communicate) Function: Chemical communication, allows chemical to flow directly from one cell to another. Ex Muscle and nerve cells |
| Epithelial tissue | separates tissues/structures, forms boundaries between them, Absorption( solutes taking into the cell)/secretion(solutes sent out of cell) filtration, stimuli, protection, reduces friction. Located skin, organs, glands. |
| Characteristics of Epithelial tissue (microscope view) | Cells tightly packed w/ little ECM, Cell junctions hold cells together,CT is always beneath Epi to provide support,nourishment,strength; Polarity |
| Polarity | superior or inferior regions; Apical and Basal |
| Polarity; Apical | Superior region, exposed surface. Outside of body or to the hollow cavity of an organ. Faces away from basement membrane. May have cilia or microvilli |
| Polarity; Basal | inferior region, attached surface. Attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosome junction |
| Basement membrane | ECM layer between epi and CT. Functions Anchors, supports, and regulates exchange of material between CT and Epi |
| Avascular | does not have a blood supply, obtaine nutrients from CT below |
| Innervated | has a nerve supply, |
| epithelial tissue | first & last name. First name indicates number of cell layers the tissue has. Last name indicates shapes of the cells in the tissue |
| Simple layer | one layer of cells |
| Stratified layer | more than one layer |
| Pseudostratified layer | Made of one layer but it looks like it is more than one layer when viewed under the microscope |
| Squamos | a flat scale like cell |
| cuboidal | a box like cell, nucleus is round & tens to be in the middle of the cell |
| columnar | a tall rectangle like cell, nucleus is long and oval and tends to be at the basal surface |
| simple squamos | thin and fragile. Function: allows material to pass(filtration), reduces friction, secretes serous fluid. Located lungs, inner lining of vessels and heart, lining the ventral body cavity, kidney tubules |
| simple cuboidal | round nucleus usually in center of the cell, some have cilia or microvilli function: secretion, absorption, move extracellular substance across membrane(only ciliated version) location: kidney tubules, thyroid gland, bronchioles, ducts of glands salivary |
| Simple Columnar | Contain Goblet cells(special mucus secreting cells) usually have cilia or microvilli;loc: digestive tract lining, some kidney tubules, ductsof glands like the gallbladder, lining of oviducts |
| Pseudostratified Columnar | Struc: One layer of column shaped cells but looks like more than one layer, has cilia, has goblet cells. Func: secretion, moves substances, small amount of protection(no absorption) loc: Upper resp. tract. male reproductive tract. inner ear |
| Stratified Epithelial | Func: protection from mechanical(physical) stress, protection from entry of pathogens, provides most protection. Loca: epidermis, lining or oral & anal cavirty, vagina... 2 types Kerantinized, nonkerantinized |
| Kerantinized | Contains keratin in apical layers. |
| Keratin | tough protein and provides strength. Dehydrates the tissue so the apical layers are dry. Upper layers contain dead cells. |
| Non-Kerantinized | No keratin. Apicla layers are moist. Upper layers do not contain dead cells. |
| Stratified cuboidal | Func: secretion, moderate amount of protection(no absorption) loca: ducts of sweat glands, ovarian follicles, ducts of testes |
| Stratified Columnar | Func: secretion, moderate of protection. Loc: Pharynx, male urethra |
| Transitional epithelium | Func; Allows stretching. Struct: shape of the cells in the apical layer varies Squamos shaped when the tissue is stretched and cuboidal when the tissue is relaxed. Located bladder, parts or urethra/ureter |
| Glandular Epithelium | can be used in the body- secretion. Eliminated as waster- excretion |
| Gland | Structure that makes and/or secretes a product. can be made of 1 cell only or more than 1 cell (2 types of Glands) |
| Exocrine Glands | Secrete to surface of epi tissue. can secrete to external body surface(skin) or internal surface of a hollow organ(stomach) have ducts , derived from epi tissue ex: mucus,sweat,oil. Live and Pancreas, salivary glands |
| Endocrine Glands | Secrete to interstitial fluid. surrounds the cells of the body. do not have ducts, cells of the gland secrete hormones by transporting across the membrane to the interstitial fluid outside of cell, secrete hormones. |
| Merocrine(eccrine gland) | secrete by exocytosis. Ex. Lacrimal glands(the eye) pancreas glands(digestive enzymes) sweat glands(watery liquid) |
| Holocrine Gland | Secrete when entire cell disintegrates. Secretion contain the Product along with intercellular material and debris. (oil glands) |
| Apocrine Gland | similar to merocrine gland but an entire vesicle leaves the cell with the secretion inside. Mammary gland |
| Connective tissue | Functions: connects structures, support& protection, insulation, transport of substance in the body, energy storage, immune system. located everywhere in the body |
| Characteristics of CT | Common origin- all derived from same embryonic tissue(mesenchyme), Variable vascularity(most vascular,some avascular); Abundant ECM & few cells(alot of space b/w cells) innervated(except cartilage), variable rate of regeneration |
| Protein fibers | provide support and strength. 3 tyoes |
| Collagen | thick and strong, resist pulling forces. Collagen is most abundant type of fiber in the body |
| 2 components of ECM | Protein Fibers, ground substance |
| elastic | Long and thin. Rubber band like. Allow for stretch and recoil |
| Reticular | fine collagen fibers; provide flexible support; form stroma |
| Ground substance | Consistency varies fluid(blood), Gel-(cartilage), Almost solid(bone)fluid all nutrients to pass b/w blood and cells, 2-Glycoproteins glue like proteins, binds substance&fibers-Large polymers Gycosaminoglycans (GAGS)attach water regulate water balance |
Created by:
cberrios
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