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A&P Chap 1 Terms

QuestionAnswer
Superior/Inferior Equivalent to above and below when moving along the long axis of a body in anatomical position. The structure that is superior to another is above the second structure when the body is in anatomical position. A feature that is inferior to another is below the second feature when the body is in anatomical position.
Proximal/Distal Equivalent to near and far. Usually used to orient the positions of structures and features along the limbs with respect to the trunk of the body. A feature that is proximal to something else is closer to the limb’s point of attachment to the trunk. A structure that is distal to something else is farther away from the limb’s point of attachment.
Medial/Lateral Equivalent to towards the middle or towards the edge. Used with respect to the midline of the trunk of a body in anatomical position. A structure that medial to another is closer to the midline of the body’s trunk. A feature that is lateral to another is farther away from the midline of the trunk.
Anterior/Posterior Equivalent to the front and back of a body in anatomical position. A structure that is anterior to another is closer to the front of the body when the body is in anatomical position. A feature that is posterior to another is closer to the back of the body when the body is in anatomical position.
Ventral/Dorsal Equivalent to belly-side and back-side of a body in anatomical position. For a human in anatomical position, this pair of terms is equivalent to anterior and posterior. However, for four-legged animals in what is considered their anatomical position, the belly-side is not equivalent to the front of the animal. A structure that is ventral to another is closer to the belly-side of the body. A feature that is dorsal to another is closer to the back of the body.
Superficial/Deep Equivalent to closer to the surface and farther from the surface.
Cephalic/Caudal Equivalent to closer to the head and closer to the tail. This is more useful for four-legged animals with tails than for upright humans with only a vestigial tail.
Dorsal body cavity the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity in combination.
Cranial cavity the space occupied by the brain, enclosed by the skull bones.
Spinal cavity the space occupied by the spinal cord enclosed by the vertebrae column making up the backbone. The spinal cavity is continuous with the cranial cavity.
Ventral body cavity the thoracic cavity, the abdominal cavity, and the pelvic cavity in combination.
Thoracic cavity the space occupied by the ventral internal organs superior to the diaphragm.
Abdominopelvic cavity the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity in combination.
Abdominal cavity the space occupied by the ventral internal organs inferior to the diaphragm and superior to the pelvic cavity.
Pelvic cavity the space occupied by the ventral internal organs that are bordered by the bones of the pelvic girdle.
Anatomy The science of the structure of living things
Physiology The science of the functioning of living things
cell The unit of structure and function of living things
tissue A group of functionally similar cells forming a distinct structure
organ A part of the body formed by two or more tissues and adapted to carry out specific functions
organ system A group of organs that work together to perform a vital body function
organism The living animal (or plant) which represents the sum total of all its organ systems working together to maintain life
metabolism The chemical changes that occur within the body
homeostasis A state of equilibrium, or maintenance of a stable internal environment of the body.
section A cut through the body (or organ) that is made along a particular plane; a thin slice of tissue prepared for microscopic study
parietal Pertaining to the walls of a cavity
visceral Pertaining to an internal organ of the body or inner part of a structure
Created by: MTHodan
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