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Anatomy Midterm
Anatomy Midterm Study Stack Week 1 - 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Spinal Cord is not located in the Ventral Body Cavity | True |
| The chest is Superior to the abdomen | True |
| Characters of human life are.. | Growth, Responsiveness, and Reproduction |
| A Frontal Plane is the same as a.. | Coronal Plane |
| Lumbar refers to.. | The Infero-medial aspects of the back |
| Dorsal Cavity is the space that encloses the brain and spinal cord | True |
| Developmental anatomy studies structural changes that occur as one ages | True |
| The Knee is proximal to the Foot | True |
| Anatomy: | The study of the structure of a living organism |
| Coronal section passes through.. | Both ears |
| Superior means towards the.. | Head |
| The ________ region is superior to the popliteal region | Gluteal |
| Muscles are deep to the skin | True |
| Body as a whole can be subdivided into.. | Axial and Appendicular |
| Medullary refers to an inner region of an organ | True |
| Cortical refers to an outer region or layer of an organ | True |
| Physiology: | The study of the function of a living organism |
| Abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into the.. | Abdominal and Pelvic cavity |
| The Gallbladder is located entirely with the.. | Right upper quadrant |
| The inguinal region lies where the.. | thigh joins the trunk |
| The sternal region is anterior to the.. | scapular region |
| The lymphatic system is involved in.. | Immunity |
| The brain is deep to the skull | True |
| Another name for midsagittal plane is.. | Median |
| An example of tissue in the body is.. | Epithelium |
| Coronal divides the body into.. | front and back portions |
| Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up is anatomical position | False |
| Transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower parts | True |
| Abdominopelvic cavity does contain the heart | False |
| Superficial means nearer the surface | True |
| The lungs are located in the.. | Thoracic Cavity |
| Popliteal refers to the area.. | Behind the knee |
| Tissue refers to many similar cells specialized to perform a certain function | True |
| _________ divides the body into right and left portions | Sagittal section |
| Balance is a characteristic of life | False |
| Coronal divides the body into.. | anterior and posterior portions |
| An organ is one organizational level higher than tissue | True |
| _____ and _____ are the two major cavities | Ventral and Dorsal |
| The reproductive system does NOT include ureter | True |
| Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, And Endoplasmic Reticulum are.. | Organelles |
| The Knee is proximal to the.. | ankle |
| Sagittal plane divides the body.. | right to left |
| There are ____ abdominal regions | Nine |
| Cells are the smallest living units of structure and funtion | True |
| The gallbladder lies in the.. | Abdominal Cavity |
| Smallest to largest levels of organization: | Chemical, Organelle, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism |
| Molecules are atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates | True |
| Several kinds of tissue working together are termed an.. | Organ |
| Blood production is a function of the.. | Skeletal system |
| Mediastinum contains the right lung | False |
| Abdominopelvic includes.. | Right hypochondria, epigastric, left hypochondria |
| Mitochondria: | Powerhouse |
| Gallbladder is located in.. | right hypochondria region |
| _____ divides the body into front and back portions | Frontal section |
| ______ is the midpoint of the abdominal quadrants | Umbilicus |
| Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called | Covalent |
| Acids, Bases and salts belong to a large group of compounds called | Electrolytes |
| Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be.. | Polar |
| Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called | The Octet Rule |
| Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by.. | the transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
| Radon is NOT a subatomic particle | True |
| For sodium to transfer from neutral atom to a positive ion it must.. | Lose an electron |
| The element oxygen has an atomic number of eight, this means.. | It has eight protons |
| The most abundant element essential to life is.. | Carbon |
| A force holding two atoms together is a.. | Chemical Bond |
| As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a larger compound into smaller subunits | Hydrolysis |
| Which subatomic particles carry a charge.. | Protons and Electrons |
| An element that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons is called | Isotope |
| As the concentration of hydroxide ions increases the solution becomes more.. | Basic and pH rises |
| The total number of electrons is a neutral atom equals the number of protons in its nucleus | True |
| An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains _____ electrons | eight |
| The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of.. | Synthesis reaction |
| The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a _____ reaction | Synthesis |
| Salts: | can form as a result of a chemical reaction between acid and bases, are electrolytes will form crystals if the water is removed |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a.. | Covalent Bond |
| A molecule that is polar.. | can form a hydrogen bond and has an unequal charge |
| Electrolytes are.. | called cations if they have a positive charge |
| The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body.. | 96% |
| Hydrolysis breaks down compounds by adding a.. | water molecule |
| The atomic number tells you the number of _____ in the nucleus | protons |
| The water molecule has two distinct ends each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure, water is said to be | polar |
| Acids release hydrogen ions | True |
| What decomposition reaction requires the addition of a water molecule to break a bond | Hydrolysis |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes ____ and the solution becomes more _____ | Down - Acidic |
| A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called an | Element |
| Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances | Decomposition reaction |
| What term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells | Metabolism |
| A weak acid dissociates very little in solution | True |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell | Four |
| An example of catabolic process is | Hydrolysis |
| Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water | 50% |
| Zinc is one of the major elements in the human body | False |
| A solution that contains a greater concentrate of hydroxide ion than hydrogen ion is a | Alkaline (basic) solution |
| ____ is least likely to combine with another element | Helium |
| In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will turn ____ | Blue |
| Hydrogen bonds are the _____ | weakest |
| The process of the digestion of food is an example | Decomposition |
| Properties of water: | High specific heat, high heat of vaporization, strong polarity |
| ____ represents a trace element in the body | Iron |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called | Bases |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water, this is called | dehydration synthesis |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of neutrons from other atoms of the same element | True |
| A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is an | electron |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of | catabolism, anabolism, ATP requirements |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of | One proton and two neutrons |
| Octet rule refers to the | Stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outer most energy level |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25 and a +2 charge. | This atom would contain 12 protons, 13 neutrons, and 10 electrons |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of ______ | protons |
| AB + CD ---> AD +CB is an example of an | exchange reaction |
| An example of an element would be Ne | True |
| The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances are called | Synthesis reaction |
| When atoms combine, they may | gain, lose or share electrons |
| Acids: | proton donors, taste sour, release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the solution becomes more.. | acidic |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is | 2 |
| An ionic bond is formed by a positive and negative ion attracting each other | True |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of | protons and neutrons |
| The most abundant and important compound in the body is | water |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is Two. | True |
| Mitochondrion: | The only organelle that has a double membrane structure |
| Gap Junction is formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other | True |
| ______ is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| Ribosomes are organelles that float in the cytoplasm and attach to the _________ | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| ________ coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules | Centrosome |
| Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a rough endoplasmic reticulum | True |
| The plasma membrane is composed of tubulin proteins | False |
| The inside of the cell is composed largely of a gel like substance called | cytoplasm |
| ______ is numerous in liver and kidney cells | Peroxisome |
| _______ has both a cis and a trans face | Golgi Apparatus |
| Lysosome is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases | True |
| Centriole is a cytoskeleton element | False |
| Integral proteins in the plasma membrane determines which molecules are transported through the membrane, extend all the way through a membrane, some attach to the glycocalyx, most extend all the way through the membrane | True |
| Mitochondrion is referred to as | the powerhouse of cell and site of ATP production |
| Mitochondria is characterized by folded membrane called | cristae |
| Microtubules are the largest cytoskeleton elements in diameter | True |
| Cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the | nuclear envelope |
| A major function of the cell membrane is to control | what enters and leaves the cell |
| The outer boundary of a human cell is called the | Plasma membrane |
| Aspherical membrane | bound structure that contains the genetic material of the cell and is often referred to as the "command center" of the cell is the nucleus |
| Golgi Apparatus primarily modifies products from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and it resembles stacks of hollow saucers, one cupped inside the next | True |
| ______ contains oxidase and catalase enzymes | Peroxisome |
| In the matrix of the plasma membrane a variety of proteins are embedded, some of these proteins serve as a passage way got Na+ ions or glucose. These proteins are called | Transport proteins |
| Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged as a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the polar heads | True |
| ______ is a type of cell extension that lines the intestines and other areas of the body | Microvilli |
| Granules or threads within the nucleus are called | Chromatin |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the | Glycoprotein molecules |
| Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted | Golgi Apparatus |
| In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule faces the exterior and interior of the cell | True |
| The membranous structure containing substances that provide the cell from harm are | Lysosomes and Peroxisomes |
| The nucleolus is composed chiefly of | rRNA |
| Proteasome - | Breaks down abnormal and misfolded proteins released by Endoplasmic Reticulum, hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits, requires the small protein called ubiquitin to pull proteins in |
| Damage to the ______ and ______ in a cell would have the greatest impact on cell division | Centrosome and Centrioles |
| _______ are considered a non-membranous organelle | Ribosomes |
| Immune cells recognize and destroy non-self cells | True |
| ______ consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi Apparatus | Lysosomes |
| ATP production occurs in the Mitochondrion | True |
| Primary cilium lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells and functions in the kidneys to monitor urine flow | True |
| ______ serves as part of our cellular muscles | Microfilament |
| Rafts are stiff groupings of membranes molecules | They help organize the various components of the plasma membranes, plays an important role in the pinching of parent cell into two daughter cells, sometimes allows the cell to form depressions that form a means of carrying substances into the cell |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum makes lipids and carbohydrates | False |
| _____ allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell | Proteasomes |
| Main cell structures don't include interstitial fluid | True |
| Phospholipid bilayer is the barrier of plasma membrane | True |
| Enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the function of | Peroxisome |
| _____ is a major constituent of the nucleus | DNA |
| _______ are not surrounded by a membrane structure | Ribosomes |
| Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are | Cilia |
| Microvilli | assist epithelial cells in absorption |
| The centrosome is often called the _______ | Microtubule organizing center |
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum does NOT provide a site for ribosome attachment | True |
| Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by | desmosomes |
| Cholesterol in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily | True |
| The largest human cell is the | Female sex cell or ovum |
| Cell is the fundamental organizational unit of life | True |
| Cell fiber largest to smallest: | microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments |
| Lysosomes associated with the enzymatic breakdown of foreign materials | True |
| Microvilli contain microfilaments | True |
| Plasma membrane separates the contents of | a cell from the surrounding tissues |
| Integral membrane proteins act as | receptors, signal transduction, identification of "self" |
| Epithelial tissue covers and protects | body surfaces and line body cavities |
| Epiderm is a primary germ layer | False |
| ______ lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body | Hypodermis |
| All glands in the body can be classified as | exocrine or endocrine |
| _____ is the most abundant and widespread tissue in the body | Connective |
| Simple cuboidal epithelium has cube shaped cells and can be found lining the _____ tubules | Kidney |
| _____ lacks direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly | Cartilage |
| Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called | Arrector pili muscle |
| Bone contains | Osteocytes |
| Examples of serous membrane are | Pleura, peritoneum, pericardium |
| The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type called keratinocytes become filled with tough, fibrous protein called | Keratin |
| Extracellular matrix (fluid environment) fills the spaces between the cells of the body | True |
| The dermis is composed of two layers.. | a thin layer papillary and a thick reticular layer |
| The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands, they are the | sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous glands |
| The ________ junction "glues" the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis | Dermoepidermal |
| Cardiac muscle contains | intercalated disks |
| Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a | matrix |
| The external ear is composed of | elastic cartilage |
| Mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called | The cerumen |
| The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the | neuron |
| _______ is the most abundant protein compound in the body | Collagen |
| Cardiac is a principle type of tissue | False |
| The two main layers that compose the skin are | Dermis and epidermis |
| Lanugo- | fine soft hair coat covers the fetus around six months |
| The union of ______ and ________ forms the basement membrane | Basal and Fibroreticular laminae |
| The two major categories of body membrane are _____ and ________ | epithelial and connective |
| Besides water, extracellular matrix contains | proteins and proteoglycans |
| Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the | Epidermis |
| Cardiac is a type of connective tissue | False |
| Adipose tissue is a storage tissue | True |
| Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft diffused connective tissue called | myeloid tissue |
| Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body | Femur |
| Anteriority each rib of the first seven pairs attaches to the | sternum |
| Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand the thumb metacarpal forms the most freely moveable joint with the carpal bone | True |
| The vertebral bones that support the small (lower section) of the back are the | Lumbar vertebrae |
| _______ form the framework of the hand | Metacarpals |
| The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | pubic symphyses |
| The most common type of cartilage is | Hyaline |
| The extracellular components of bone matrix are | hard and calcified |
| The medical part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger shaped bone called the | sternum |
| The dense, white fibrous membrane, that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the periosteum | True |
| The human skeleton system consists of two divisions. They are | axial and appendicular |
| Clavicle is NOT a bone in the skull | True |
| Zygomatic bone is a | Facial bone |
| Anatomically speaking, carpal bones compose | The wrist |
| Regular is NOT a type of bone | True |
| The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the | Patella |
| The bone that articulates with the temporal bone is the only moveable joint of the skull is the | mandible |
| _____ is a bone in the axial skeleton | Vertebra |
| ____ is classified as connective tissue | Cartilage |
| The very small bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone is the | Lachrymal |
| ______ and ______ normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched position | Ligaments and Tendons |
| ______ is characterized by open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle like structures | Spongy Bone |
| Vertebra is in the appendicular skeleton | False |
| Pubis is the most anteriorly placed ______ | pelvic bone |
| Why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as floating ribs | floating ribs do not attach indirectly to the sternum |
| Collagenous fibers are present in all three types of cartilage but they are most numerous in | Fibrocartilage |
| The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the | Hypoid |
| ________ serves as a keystone in the architecture of the cranium | Sphenoid bone |
| _____ and ______ compose the shoulder girdle | Clavicle and Scapula |
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