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Intervertabral Disks
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Contents of the vertabral canal
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ZOO 3733C Test 1
Dr. Samsam UCF
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Intervertabral Disks | Fibrocartilage between the vertabrae, absorb shock, assure no friction between the bones and facilitate the movements of the vertebral column |
| Contents of the vertabral canal | Spinal cord and its blood vesels plus the meninges and the CSF |
| Cervical Rib | When a rib grows from a cervical vertabrea |
| Pathology of Cervical rib | A- Ischemic muscle pain due to compression of the subclavian artery B- Pain of the ulnar side of the forearm and hand C-palpable mass over the clavicle |
| Thoracic Vertebrae Char. | Have 2 articular facets on their lateral side |
| Costo- Vertebral joints | The head of each rib articulates with 2 adjacent vertebrae and the disk between them |
| Costo- Transverse | between the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of its own vertebrea` |
| Lumbar Punture | done at L3-L5 |
| Sternal puncture | Bone marrow needle biopsy for transplantation or cytological analysis |
| Zygopophysial joints | The small vertebral joints between the articular processes |
| Herniation | Mostly posterolaterally where the Anulus Fibrosus is thinner |
| Ligamentum Flavum | yeollowish in color due to elastic fibers, facilitates movements |
| Epidural Anesthesia | given through sacral hiatus to block the pelvic nerves |
| Coccydyna | pain in the coccyx |
| Spina Bifida | Failure of vertebral arches to form or fuse usually in the lumbar or sacral vertebrea |
| Meningocele | caused by spina bifida, meninges bulge out of the vertebral canal |
| Meningomyelocele | caused by spina bifida, meninges plus spinal cord bulge out |
| Folic Acid | Decreases the likelihood of getting spina bifida |
| Trapezius Muscle NN | Spinal root of the accessory nerve |
| Trapezius M. FXN | elevation rotation retraction of scapula |
| Rhomboid Major and Minor NN | Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4-C5) |
| Rhomboid Major and Minor FXN | press the scapula to the thoracic wall retraction of the scapula medially |
| Levator Scapulae NN | Dorsal Scapular Nerve |
| Levator Scapulae FXN | elevates scapula |
| Lattissimus Dorsi NN | Thoracodorsal N. (C6,C7,C8) |
| Lattissimus Dorsi FXN | Adduction and lowering of the arm, medial rotation and extention of the arm. Raises the body will climbing |
| Serratus Posterior Inferior and Superior NN | Intercostal Nerves (T9-T12) |
| Serratus Posterior Inferior and Superior FXN | rib elevation and may function as accessory muscles or respiration |
| Illiocoastalis, Longissimus, Splenius NN | Primary Spinal dorsal rami |
| Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Splenius FXN | for erect posture of the body and the two splenii rotate the head. Extensors when both sides contract and flexion when one side contracts |
| Medial Group of Muscles NN | innervated by various primary dorsal rami |
| Medial Group FXN | Extensors when both sides contract and flexion when one side contracts. Some stabilize and some rotate the vertebral column |
| Suboccipital Triangle Muscles | rectus capitis post Major, Oblique capitis superior, oblique capitis inferior |
| congenital dislocation of the hip | common birth defect, more in female infants, either acetabulum fails to for completely or the ligaments of the hip joints are loose |
| treatments of congenital dislocation of the hip | splint or harness of straps to hold femur in its proper position |
| ffibula | used sometimes for bone grafting |
| metatarsal stress fractures | result of repetitive stress on foot, 2nd and 3rd metatarsals are mostly affected |
| treatment for metatarsal stress fractures | rest and wearing stiff or well cushioned shoes |
| sciatic nerve | thickest nerve in the body, composed of common peroneal & tibial nerve |
| coommon peroneal | part of the sciatic nerve, composed of dorsal rami |
| tibial nerve | part of sciatic nerve, composed of ventral rami |
| lumbosacral trunk | at L4 & L5 |
| tensor fascia latae NN | superior gluteal nerve |
| tensor fascia latae FXN | Abduction, medial rotation and flexion of the thigh, protects the knee joint. |
| gluteus maximus NN | inferior gluteal nerve |
| gluteus maximus FXN | powerful extensor of the hip joint, lateral rotator, active in rising, sitting, climbing |
| gluteus medius & minimus NN | superior gluteal nerve |
| gluteus medius & minimus FXN | abduction, medial rotation of the thigh, it keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised |
| deep muscles in the gluteal region | piriformis, obturator internus, superior & inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris |
| piriformis NN | nerve to piriformis (sacral plexus) |
| piriformis FXN | lateral rotator and abductor of the thigh, keeps femur head in acetabulum, this muscle may partially or totally be absent |
| ventral hip muscles FXN | lateral rotationm medial rotation, control balance |
| obturator internus NN | nerve to obturator internus |
| superior gemellus NN | nerve to obturator internus |
| inferior gemellus NN | nerve to quadratus femoris |
| Quadratus Femoris NN | Nerve to quadratus femoris |
| Obturator internus, Superior gemellus, Inferior gemellus, Quadratus femoris FXN | lateral rotator of the thigh when it is extended and, abductor of the thigh when flexed |
| Hamstring Muscles | Long head biceps, Semitendinous, Semimembranous, Adductor Magnum |
| Hamstring Muscles NN | tibial branch of sciatic nerve |
| biceps femoris long head fxn | extension at the hip, flexor and lateral rotator at knee joint |
| Biceps femoris short head NN | common peroneal nerve *short head maybe absent |
| biceps femoris long head NN | tibial nerve |
| Smietendinoeous FXN | extension of hip, flexion and medial rotation of the knee |
| semitendineous NN | tibial nerve |
| semimembraneous NN | tibal nerve |
| Semimembraneous FXN | hip extensor knee flexor medial rotator |
| Adductor Magnus fxn | powerful adductor, lateral rotator (part inserted to linea aspera), medial rotator at knee joint. Extensor at hip joint, |
| adducctor hiatus contents | popliteal artery and vein |
| The Triceps Surae | Soleus ,Gastrocnemius and Plantaris muscles |
| The Triceps Surae fxn | best plantar flexors, active in Walking |
| triceps surae NN | tibial nerve |
| Tibialis posterior, Flexor Hallusis longus, Flexor digitorum Longus NN | tibial nerve |
| Tibialis posterior, Flexor Hallusis longus, Flexor digitorum Longus FXN | plantar flexion and Supination of the foot. |
| peroneus brevis & longus NN | Superficial peroneal nerve |
| peroneus brevis & longus fxn | strongest pronator of the foot |
| popliteus muscle FXN | flexion of the knee, unlocking of the knee joingm protection of lateral |
| Gracilis muscle FXN | adductor of the thigh, flexor at hip and flexor at knee joints |
| Gracilis muscle NN | Obturator nerve |
| Pectineus muscle FXN | adductor of thigh and flexor of hip joint. |
| Pectinius NN | femoral nerve and obturator nerve |
| Adductor brevis muscle FXN | adductor of thigh and flexor of hip joint |
| Adductor brevis muscle NN | obturator nerve |
| Adductor Longus FXN | Adduction of thigh, hip flexion |
| Adductor Longus NN | obturator nerve |
| Adductor Magnus & minimus FXN | powerful adductor, lateral rotator (part inserted to linea aspera), medial rotator at knee joint. Extensor at hip joint |
| Hiatus tendineus NN | tibial nerve & obturator nerve |
| Adductor Magnus & minimus NN | Obturator nerve |
| Iliopsoas muscle NN | lumbar plexus & femoral nerve |
| Iliopsoas muscle FXN | chief flexor of the hip |
| Quadriceps femoris muscle consists of | Rectus femoris, Vastus intermedius, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis, |
| Quadriceps femoris muscle NN | femoral nerve |
| Quadriceps femoris muscle FXN | chief extensor of the knee joint, Rectus femoris also flexes the hip joint |
| sartorius muscle FXN | acts on 2 joints: flexes at both hip and knee joints |
| Sartorius muscle NN | : femoral nerve |
| The femoral triangle | lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, Femoral nerve, Structures inside the femoral sheath |
| *Content of Femoral Ring | Femoral artery and genitofemoral N. (fem) Femoral vein Lymph nodes and areolar tissue (femoral Canal), the Rosenmuller node (they drain the Glans penis and clitoris) |
| *Femoral hernia | painful, more in female, below and lateral to pubic tubercle |
| Subsartorius (adductor, Hunter’s) canal | |
| Tibialis anterior FXN | dorsiflexion and supination & keep the transverse arch of the foot |
| Tibialis anterior NN | deep peroneal N |
| extensor digitorum longus FXN | |
| extensor digitorum longus NM | deep peroneal N. |
| Extensor Hallucis longus FXN | |
| Extensor Hallucis longus NN | deep peroneal N. |
| Extensor digitorum brevis FXN | |
| Extensor digitorum brevis NN | Deep peroneal nerve |
| Extensor Hallucis brevis FXN | Dorsiflexion of 1st digit |
| Extensor Hallucis brevis NN | Deep peroneal nerve |
| Abductor Hallucis NN | Medial plantar Nerve |
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis NN | |
| Flexor digitorum Brevis NN | |
| Lumbriclas FXN | |
| Lumbriclas NN | Medial Plantar N & Lat Plantar N |
| Quadratus Plantae NN | Lateral Plantar N |
| Dorsal interossei MM FXN | |
| Dorsal interossei MM NN | Lateral Plantar N |
| Opponens digiti minimi NN | |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi NN | |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi NN | Lateral Plantar N |
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