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HHP 1150 Unit 1

Cells

QuestionAnswer
study of single body cells and their internal structures cytology
most human cells have what three basic parts? plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
cell membrane is also called.... what is its role? plasmalemma. separate extra-intracellular compartments
Difference bt passive and active transport passive=no ATP required. active: requires ATP
types of passive transport simple, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
how is facilitated diffusion different from normal diffusion both move substances from high to low concentration :. no ATP needed. facilitated requires protein aid
Types of bulk active transport. Differentiate between them exocytosis/endo- move stuff out/in of cell by merging secretory vesicle w membrane phagocytosis- no merging of secretory vesicle needed. membrane engulfs loose particle. pinocytosis- cell engulfs "drink".. reverse exocytosis
what is included in the cytoplasm? cytosol (Energy fluid), inclusions (chemicals like pigments, nutrient stores, etc),and organelles (carry out specific functions)
membrane bound organelles ER, golgi, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria
non membrane bound organelles ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrosomes, centrioles, cilia, flagella, microvilli
smooth vs rough ER both: cisternae networks SER: synth, transport, storage of lipids. metab of CHO, detox of toxins (drug, alc) RER: synthesizes P for secretion, incorporation into membrane, and to be enzymes in lysosomes
relationship between ribsomes and rough ER rough ER provides place for ribosomes to synthesize protein in one place so that many can be modified by ER and sent together
Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and sorts new proteins destined for secretion, membrane, lysosomes (from RER)
lysosomes vesicles containing enzymes for digestion and waste removal produced and sent by golgi apparatus
peroxisomes Sacs formed by pinching off RER. detoxify
mitochondria double membraned orgalles -> cristae (folds where ATP is synthesized)
ribosomes P synthesis
cytoskeleton P organized in cytosol as solid filaments or hollow tubes to support framework and structure of cell and moving shit across cell. also cell division. Three types: MICROFILAMENTS, INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS, MICROTUBLES
centrosome nonmembranous spherical structure adjacent to nucleus. contains TWO CENTRIOLES PERPENDICULAR to one another
centrioles ATTACHED TO CHROMOSOMES during cell division causing chromosomal migration
cillia and flagella projections from cell containing cytoplasm and microtubules capable of movement. Cilia: hair like, move together to move cell flagella: tail propels head
microvilli surface area
nucelus center of cellular activity, genetic material. produces and exports ribosomes.. Has three basic structures
Three basic structures of the nucleus. Describe each. Nuclear envelope: double membrane w pores continuous to RER nucleolus: produces ribosomes chromatin: when the cell is not dividing, DNA and associated proteins exist as fine filaments. During cell division, chromatin tightly coils into chromosomes.
Created by: kellyyrosse
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