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chapter 6 muscles

muscles

QuestionAnswer
the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force contractility
the capacity of skeletal to respond to a stimulus excitability
the ability to be stretched extensibility
the ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched elasticity
connective tissue sheath surrounding each skeletal muscle epimysium
outside the epimysium. surrounds and separates muscles fascia
a muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called _____ ______. muscle fasciculi (fascicle)
loose connective tissue surrounding the fasciculi perimysium
the connective tissue sheath surrounding each muscle fiber endomysium
the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with _____. myofibrils
thin myofilaments actin
thick myofilaments myosin
highly ordered units formed by actin and myosin myofilaments sarcomeres
basic structural and functional unit of the muscle sarcomere
the charge difference across the membrane resting membrane potential
the brief reversal back of the charge action potential
nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers motor neurons
an enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane neuromuscular junction
a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates motor unit
the enlarged nerve terminal presynaptic terminal
the space between the presynaptic and the postsynaptic terminal synaptic cleft
the muscle fiber postsynaptic terminal
each presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles
synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine
the enzyme that breaks down the acetylcholine acetylcholinesterase
a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus muscle twitch
the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction lag time
the time of contraction contraction phase
the time during which the muscle relaxes relaxation phase
where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing tetany
the increase in number of motor units being activated recruitment
ATP adenosine triphosphate
ATP is needed for energy for muscle contraction
ATP is produced in the mitochondria
ATP is short-lived and unstable
another high-energy molecule stored when muscles are at rest creatine phosphate
without oxygen anaerobic respiration
with oxygen (more efficient) aerobic respiration
the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions oxygen debt
when ATP is used faster than it can be produced by muscle fibers muscle fatigue
the length of the muscle does not change, but the tension increases during the contraction phase isometric contraction
the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes isotonic contraction
constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time muscle tone
contract quickly and fatigue quickly fast twitch fibers
contract slowly and are more resistant to fatigue slow twitch fibers
points of attachment origin and insertion
the most stationary end of the muscle origin
the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement insertion
the portion between the origin and the insertion belly
muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements synergists
muscles that work in opposition to one another antagonists
the one muscle that plays the major role in a group of synergists prime mover
occipitofrontalis raises the eyebrows
orbicularis oculi closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet"
orbicular oris puckers the lips
buccinator flattens the cheeks
zygomaticus smiling muscle
levator labii superioris sneering
depressor anguli oris frowning
mastication chewing
intrinsic tongue muscle change the shape of the tongue
extrinsic tongue muscle move the tongue
lateral neck muscle and prime mover sternocleidomastoid
sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck platysma
group of muscles on each side of the back erector spinae
muscles that move the thorax thoracic muscles
most involved in breathing external and internal intercostals
external intercostals elevate the ribs during inspiration
internal intercostals contract during forced expiration
accomplishes quiet breathing. dome shaped diaphragm
tendinous area of the abdominal wall, consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle linea alba
on each side of the linea alba rectus abdominis
cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations tendinous inscriptions
trapecius rotates scapula
serratus anterior pulls scapula anteriorly
pectoralis major adducts and flexes the arm
latissimus dorsi medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm
deltoid attaches the humerous to the scapula and clavicle
triceps brachii extends the forearm
biceps brachii flexes the forearm
brachialis flexes forearm
brachioradialis flexes and supinates the forearm
strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons retinaculum
flexor carpi flexes the wrist
extensor carpi extends the wrist
flexor digitorum flexes the fingers
extensor digitorum extends the fingers
19 hand muscles intrinsic hand muscles
located between the metacarpals interossi muscles
gluteus maximus buttocks
gluteus medius hip muscle
quadriceps femoris extends the leg
sartorius "tailors muscle", flexes the thigh
posterior thigh muscles, extends the leg and extends the thigh hamstring muscle
forms the calf muscle gastroncnemius and soleus
flex the foot and toes calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon)
lateral muscles of the leg peroneus muscles
20 muscles located within the foot intrinsic foot muscles
Created by: hannarm04
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