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Cell Section
Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | Composed of phospholipid bilayer,and proteins, receptors, pores, channels, and carriers, enzymes, CAMS, and self-markers. |
| Cytoplasm | Contains Cytosol and organelles |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Ribbon candied shape closest to nuclear envelope. Provides a tubular transport system for molecules. Participates in the synthesis of protein and lipids. |
| Ribosomes | Produce protein. Composed of protein and RNA |
| Golgi Apparatus | Modifies, packages, and delivers proteins. |
| Vesicles | Membranous sacs that store substances. |
| Mitochondira | Generate energy from food molecules. |
| Lysosomes | Sacs containing enzymes capable of digesting worn cellular parts. |
| Peroxisomes | Contain enzymes called perosidases, important in the breakdown of many organic molecules. |
| Centrosomes | Helps distribute chromosomes to new cells during cell division, initiates formation of cilia. |
| Microfilaments and Microtubules | Support cytoplasm, help move substances and organelles within the cytoplasm. |
| Nuclear envelope | Double membrane controls passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm. |
| Nucleolus | Composed of protein and RNA. Site of ribosome formation. |
| Chromatin | Fibers composed of protein and DNA. Carries info for synthesizing proteins |
| Simple Diffusion | Moving from hign concentration to low concentration. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Movement across a membrane with the help of channel or carrier molecule. |
| Osmosis | Movement of water from high concentration to low. Water moves toward a higher concentration of solutes. |
| Filtration | Smaller molecules are forced through porous membranes. Hydrostatic pressure. |
| Osmosis Pressure | Ability of osmosis to generate enough pressure to move volume of water. Pressure increases as concentration of nonpermeable solutes increases. |
| Isotonic | Equal pressure. |
| Hypertonic | Higher osmotic pressure than surrounding body fluids. Water leaves cell. |
| Hypotonic | Lower osmotic pressure than surrounding body fluids. Water enters cell. |
| Active Transport | Carrier molecules transport substances across membrane from low to high concentrations. Sodium ions, potassium ions |
| Sodium-Potassium Pump | Creates balance by pumping 3 sodium out and 2 potassium into cell. Requires energy and makes energy. |
| Endocytosis | When a molecule that is too big to pass through a membrane enters by a vesicle. |
| Pinocytosis | Membrane engulfs liquid |
| Phagocytosis | Membrane engulfs solid |
| Receptor-mediated | Receptor protein molecules that bring in specific types of particles. |
| Exocytosis | Vesicles form around waste and fuse with membrane to release contents outside cell. |
| Interphase | Growth period of cell.G phase grows and synthesises things other than DNA. S Phase cell replicates DNA. |
| Mitosis | Produces 2 daughters cells from one mother cell. |
| Prophase | Chromosomes form, envelope disappears. |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes align midway between centrioles. |
| Anaphase | Chromosomes separate and move to opposite centrioles. |
| Telophase | Chromatin and nuclear enevelope forms. |
| Apoptosis | cell death |
| Stem cells | Can divide to form 2 new stem cells.Or 1 stem cell and 1 progenitor cell. |
| Totipotent | Stem cell that can become every cell type. |
| Pluripotent | Restricted # of cells |
| Progenitor cells | committed to certain functions. Can divide to become any # of restricted cells. |
Created by:
merobbins
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