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Chapte 5
Question | Answer |
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Tissues | Similiar cells with common function. Study of tissues is called histology. |
Tight Junctions | Close space between cells by fusing membranes (base stitching)Simplest type. Located among cells that form linings.(small intestine) |
Desmosomes | Bind cells by forming "spot welds" between membranes.(fingers interlaced)Most complex type.Outer skin cells. |
Gap Junctions | Form tubular channels between cells that allow exchange of substances. Muscle cells of heart, digestive tract. |
Epithelial Tissue | Protection,secretion,absorption and excretion. Covers body surface, cover and line internal organs, compose glands. Lack blood vessels,cells tightly packed and readily divide. |
Simple Squamous | Single layer, flattened cells. Line air sacs, blood vessels, and lymph vessels. |
Simple Cuboidal | Single layer cube-shaped cells. Line kidney tubules, cover ovaries, line ducts of some glands. |
Simple Columnar | Single layer, elongated cells. Nuclei near basement. Have goblet cells and sometimes cilia. Line uterus, stomach and intestines. |
Pseudostratified Columnar | Single-layer, elongated cells. Nuclei at more than 1 level. Often have cilia and goblet cells. Line respiratory passageways. |
Stratified Squamous | Many layers, top cells flattened. Outer layer of skin. Line oral cavity, vagina, and anal canal. |
Stratified Cuboidal | 2 or 3 layers, cube-shaped cells. Line ducts of mammery glands, sweat glands, and pancreas. |
Startified Columnar | Top layer of elongated cells, lower layer of cube-shaped cells. Line male urethra and part of pharynx. |
Transitional | Cube-shapes and elongated mixed up.Line urinary bladder, ureters and part of urethra. |
Glandular | Composed of cells that specialize in producing and secreting substances. |
Endocrine glands | Ductless. They secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood. |
Exocrine Glands | Secrete their products into ducts that open onto surfaces, such as skin or the lining of the digestive tract. |
Unicellular Exocrine gland | Has one cell. Example goblet cell. |
Multicellular Exocrine Gland | Many cells. Example swear glands, salivary glands. |
Merocrine Glands | A fluid product released through cell membrane by exocytosis. Salivary glands, pancreatic glands, swear glands |
Apocrine Glands | Cellular product pinch off during secretion. Mammary glands, ceruminous glands |
Holocrine Glands | Secretes entire old cells filled with secretory products. Produces new cells to replace them. Sebaceous gland. |
Connective Tissue | Most abundant tissue type. Binds structures, provides suppost and protection, fills spaces and stores fat. Has varying degrees of vascularity(blood flow). Has cells that usually divide. |
Fibroblasts | Component of connective tissue. Widely distributed, large and star-shaped. Fixed cell and most common. Produce fibers. |
Macrophages | Component of connective tissue. Wandering cells. Phagocytic(engulfs things). Important in injury or infection. White blood cells. |
Mast Cells | Component of connective tissue. fixed cells. release heparin and histamine. Large cells usually located near blood vessels. |
Collagenous Fibers | Thick fibers of collagen that holds structures together. One connection point on each end. Tendons and ligaments. |
Elastic Fibers | Bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin. Provide elastic quality to parts that stretch. Fibers branch. Vocal cords, air passages. |
Reticular Fibers | Very thin collagenous fibers. Highly branched. Form supportive networks within tissues. |
Loose Connective (Areolar) Tissue | Mainly fibroblasts. Contains collagenous and elastic fibers. Binds the skin to underlying organs and fills space between muscles. |
Adipose Tissue | Stores fat, cushions and insulates. Beneath skin, behind eyeballs, around kidney and heart. |
Reticular Connective Tissue | Composed of reticular fibers. Supports internal organ walls. Found in walls of liver, spleen,and lymphatic organs. |
Dense Connective Tissue | Packed collagenous fibers and elastic fibers. Few fibroblasts. Binds body parts together. Tendons, ligaments, dermis. Poor blood supply. |
Elastic Connective Tissue | Abundant in elastic fibers and some collagenous fibers. Has fibroblasts. Found in attachment between bones (spinal column) walls of large arteries, airways and heart. |
Bone | Solid matrix. Supports and protects. Forms blood cells and attachment for muscles. Skeleton |
Blood | Fluid matrix called plasma. Transports, defends, clots. Found throughout body in blood vessels and in heart. |
Cartilage | Provides support, frameworks and attachments;protects underlying tissues and forms structural models for many developing bones.Poor blood supply |
Hyaline Cartilage | Provides framework. Ends of bones, nose and rings in walls of respiratory passages. |
Elastic Cartilage | Provides flexible framework. External ear and part of larynx. |
Fibrocartilage | Absorbs shock. Between bony parts of spinal column, parts of pelvic girdle and knee. |
Serous Membrane | Line body cavities that don't open to outside. Secrete serous fluid. Inner lining of thorax and abdomem. |
Mucous Membrane | Line tubes and organs that open to outside. Secrete mucus. Line mouth, nose and throat. |
Cutaneous Membrane | Covers body otherwise known as skin. |
Synovial Membrane | Composed entirely of connective tissue. Lines joints. |
Skeletal Muscle Tissue | Long, threadlike cells, striated and have many nuclei. Voluntary movement. Attached to bone. |
Smooth Muscle Tissue | Shorter cells with single, central nucleus. Involuntary movement. Non-striated. Lines walls of hollow organs. Digestive tract, constricts blood vessels, and empties bladder. |
Cardiac Muscle Tissue | Branched cells, striated, and with central nucleus. Involuntary movement.Has intercalated discs and is only found in the heart. |
Nervous Tissue | Cell with cytoplasmic extensions. Sensory reception and conduction of nerve impulses. Brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. |