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VET 113- Anatomy + F
Cardio Vascular System- Ch. 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pericardium | |
| Parietal Layer of Pericardium | l |
| Visceral Layer of Pericardium | |
| Myocardium | located inside the sac formed by the pericardium, is the thickest layer of heart tissue, is striated |
| Endocardium | membranous lining between myocardium and chambers of the heart |
| Auricles | largest and most visible parts of the atria |
| Left Ventricle | long and narrow, thick-walled, terminates at the apex of the heart |
| Right Ventricle | broader surface area, wraps around left ventricle |
| Interventricular Sulci | separates the borders of the ventricles, contains fat and blood vessels that are part of the coronary circulation of the heart. |
| Aorta | the largest artery in the body, walls are the thickest of any blood vessel. Emerges from the left ventricle into the aortic arch |
| Atrioventricular Valve (tricuspid) | has 3 flaps that originate from a fibrous ring of the valve. Blood pressure opens the flaps and the flaps are prevented from bending back into the atrium by the chordae tendinae |
| Chordae Tendinae | connect the free edges of the valvular flaps to the papillary muscles |
| Moderator Band | tissue present in the right ventricle, originates at interventricular septum, not attached to flaps, provide structural support to the right ventricle wall. |
| Left Atrioventricular Valve (mitral) | has 2 flaps/leaflets, outer edges of flaps attached to the fibrous ring; inner edges attached to papillary muscles by chordae tendinae, no moderator band in left ventricle |
| Aortic and Pulmonic Valves | called semilunar valves, 3 flaps attached at their outer edges to a fibrous ring. |
| Systole | heart muscle contracting |
| Diastole | heart relaxes and refills with blood |
| Sinotrial Nose (SA Node/Pacemaker) | specialized area of cardiac muscle cells located in right atrium, generates electrical impulses that trigger repeated beating of the heart. |
| Depolarization | process of generating electrical impulse from the SA nose, creates systole |
| Polarization | when cations are pumped out of the cell, creates diastole |
| "Lub" S1 | closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular systole, mitral valve is loudest on the left side and tricuspid valve is best heard on the right. |
| "Dub" S2 | closure of the semilunar valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole, easiest to hear on the left side of the chest. |
| S3 | rapid ventricular filling, usually in larger animals |
| S4 | contraction of the atria, usually in larger animals |
| Cardiac Output | amount of blood that leaves the heart. Depends on stroke volume and heart rate |
| Starling's Law | law that says: increased filling of the heart results in increased force of cardiac contraction and increased stroke volume, and reduced blood pressure = less pressure to fill the heart and decreased stroke volume. |
| "Fight or fight" Response + Heart | a sympathetic nervous system response that releases epinephrine which causes stroke volume and heart rate to increase |
| General Anesthesia + Heart | when this is used, the parasympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine which decreases the stroke volume and heart rate. |
| Heartworm Disease | disease transmitted by mosquitos, adults heartworms live in the chambers/vessels in the heart. |
| Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) | instrument with graph paper that moves under a stylus |
| P Wave | depolarization of the atria |
| QRS Complex | waves created by ventricular depolarization |
| T Wave | repolarization of the ventricles |
| Blood Pressure | blood in the systemic circulation is under higher pressure than blood in the pulmonary or coronary circulation. Blood in systemic circulation encounters more resistance to flow. |
| Subclavian Arteries | arteries that branch off of the aorta and travel toward the thoracic limbs. |
| Carotid Arteries | arteries that branch off of one or both subclavian arteries. |
| Coccygeal Artery | artery that emerges at the caudal aorta |
| Smooth Muscle | muscle in the walls of most blood vessels |
| Common Cardiac Conditions | -CHF, Pericardial Effusion, Mitral Valve Disease, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Pulmonis Stenosis, Aortic Stenosis, Electrical related conditions |
| Cephalic Vein | vein located on the craniomedial aspect of the radius/ulna |
| Femoral Vein | vein located on the medial aspect of the proximal femur |
| Medial Saphenous Vein | vein located on the medial aspect of distal femur |
| Lateral Saphenous Vein | vein located on the lateral aspect of the tibia |
| Jugular Vein | vein located on the ventral aspect of each side of the neck in the jugular groove, is close to carotid arteries, care must be taken to avoid accidental injection into the carotid artery. |
| Coccygeal Vein | vein located on the ventral midline of the tail. |
| Caudal Epigastric Vein | known as the milk vein, is located on the ventral aspect of each side of the abdomen, is thin-walled, superficial, and prone to hematomas. |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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