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the 11 systems of the human body
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integumentary system
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MC Bio 204 ch 1
basic concepts of anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the 11 systems of the human body | integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive |
| integumentary system | C/skin and structures derived from it: hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands || F/protects body, helps regulate body temp, helps make vitamin D, detects sensations |
| skeletal system | C/bones and joints and their associated cartilages || F/supports and protects body; provides surface area for muscle attachments; houses cells that produce blood cells; stores minerals and lipids |
| muscular system | C/muscles composed of skeletal muscle tissue || F/produces body movements; stabilizes body position; generates heat |
| nervous system | C/brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs, such as the eye and ear || F/generates action potentials to regulate body activities; detects environmental changes; responds to changes with muscular contractions or glandular secretions |
| endocrine system | C/hormone-producing glands and hormone-producing cells in several other organs || F/regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland to a target organ |
| cardiovascular system | C/blood, heart, blood vessels || F/blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and CO2 and wastes away from cells; blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels |
| lymphatic system and immunity | C/lymphatic fluid and vessels; also includes spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils || F/returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from GIT to blood; incubates lymphocytes, which protect against disease-causing organisms |
| respiratory system | C/lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes leading into and out of them || F/transferring O2 and CO2 in and out of lungs; regulating acid-base balance of body fluids |
| digestive system | organs of the GIT, including mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large int, anus; also includes accessory organs, inc. salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas || F/breakdown of food; absorption of nutrients; elimination of solid wastes |
| urinary system | C/kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra || F/production, storage, and elimination of urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps regulate production of red blood cells |
| reproductive system | C/gonads (testes, ovaries), uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, epididymis, ductus deferens, penis || F/production, transport, and storage of gametes; production of hormones that regulate reproduction |
| interstitial fluid | a type of extracellular fluid; the fluid that fills the narrow spaces between cells in tissues |
| synovial fluid | the extracellular fluid in joints |
| cranial | referring to the skull |
| facial | referring to the face |
| frontal | referring to the forehead |
| orbital | referring to the eye |
| otic | referring to the ear |
| buccal | referring to the cheek |
| nasal | referring to the nose |
| oral | referring to the mouth |
| mental | referring to the chin |
| sternal | referring to the breastbone |
| mammary | referring to the breast |
| umbilical | referring to the naval |
| coxal | referring to the hip |
| inguinal | referring to the groin |
| manual | referring to the hand |
| pubic | referring to the pubis |
| dorsum | the top of the foot or the back of the hand |
| axillary | referring to the armpit |
| brachial | referring to the arm |
| antecubital | referring to the front of the elbow |
| antebrachial | referring to the forearm |
| carpal | referring to the wrist |
| digital or phalangeal | referring to the fingers or toes |
| femoral | referring to the thigh |
| patellar | referring to the knee |
| crural | referring to the leg (shin) |
| tarsal | referring to the ankle |
| pedal | referring to the foot |
| occipital | referring to the base of the skull |
| acromial | referring to the shoulder |
| scapular | referring to the shoulder blade |
| vertebral | referring to the spinal column |
| dorsal | referring to the back |
| olecranal | referring to the back of the elbow |
| sacral | referring to the posterior region between the hips |
| lumbar | referring to the loin (lower back) |
| gluteal | referring to the buttocks |
| popliteal | referring to the hollow behind the knee |
| sural | referring to the calf |
| plantar | referring to the sole of the foot |
| calcaneal | referring to the heel |
| organs of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen | spleen, stomach, jejunum and proximal ileum, pancreas: body and tail, left kidney, left suprarenal gland, left colic (splenic) flexure, transverse colon: left half, descending colon: superior half |
| organs of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen | liver, gallbladder, stomach: pylorus, doudenum: part 1-3, pancreas: head, right suprarenal gland, right kidney, right colic (hepatic) flexure, ascending colon: superior part, transverse colon: right half |
| organs of the left lower quadrant of the abdomen | beginning of sigmoid colon, descending colon, rectum |
| organs of the right lower quadrant of the abdomen | cecum, vermiform appendix, most of ileum, ascending colon: inferior part |
Created by:
dglenn34
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