Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Kolog- Bio 168 GTCC
Nervous System I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the parts of the nervous system? | Brain & Spinal cord, Receptors of sense organs (eyes, ears, etc), Nerves that connect to other systems. |
| Name the two cells found in the nervous tissue? | Neurons for intercellular communication and Neuroglia or glial cells. |
| What does Neuroglia or glial cells do? | Essential to survival & function of neurons, & Preserve structure of nervous tissue. |
| What is the anatomical division of the Nervous System? | Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System |
| Name the three division of the nervous system? | Central Nervous System (CNS), Enteric Nervous System (ENS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
| What does the CNS consist of ? | The Brain and the Spinal cord |
| What does the ENS consist of? | The Digestive tract |
| What does the PNS consist of? | Any nervous tissue that is not CNS or ENS |
| What does the brain and the spinal cord consist of? | Nervous tissue, connective tissue, and blood vessels |
| What is the overview of the CNS? | Brain & Spinal Cord only, Sensory experiences, Motor commands and Higher functions. |
| What is the function of the sensory experience? | monitors and reacts to what is going on inside or outside the body. |
| What is the function of the motor commands? | controls activities of peripheral effector organs (mainly muscles and glands), Adjust to your body position in space/gravity unconsciously. |
| What are the higher functions of the brain? | Intelligence, memory, learning, and emotion(you) |
| What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | It includes all nervous tissue outside CNS &ENS. |
| Name the functions of PNS? | Delivers sensory information to the CNS, Carries Motor out commands to the peripheral tissues & uses nerves to carry information. |
| Name the two divisions of the PNS? | Afferent division & Efferent division |
| Define Afferent division? | Is all the sensory info from senses, organs, and body (muscle, skin, joints) that delivered to CNS. |
| Define Efferent division? | All motor commands from CNS to muscles, glands and adipose tissue. |
| Name the 2 types of peripheral nerves? | 12 pairs Cranial Nerves connect to brain & 31 pairs of Spinal nerves attached to spinal cord. |
| Define Nerves? | Bundles of axons with connective tissues and blood vessels. |
| What is the function of a Nerve? | Carry sensory information and motor commands |
| What is the projection of the 12 pairs of Cranial Nerves? | Projects directly from brain to face/head/neck |
| What is the projection of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves? | Project from spinal cord to the rest of the body. |
| What does the peripheral nervous system consist of? | Ganglion and Nerve |
| Give another name for Afferents PNS? | Receptors. |
| What is a Receptor? | -Detect tiny changes in our internal and external environment or respond to specific stimuli. - Belong to afferent division of PNS. - Brings sensory info to CNS from the P receptors in tissues and organs. |
| What is another name for Effector? | Efferent PNS |
| What are Effectors? | They target organs that respond to motor commands by doing something, - Belong to the efferent division of PNS |
| List the 2 efferent divisions? | 1. Somatic Nervous System, 2. Autonomic Nervous System |
| Define Somatic NS? | is the efferent division of PNS that controls skeletal muscle contractions. |
| Name the 2 groups of the Efferent Somatic NS? | Voluntary ie. conscious control eg. bringing a glass of water to your mouth |
| What is a Reflex? | Unconscious control-involuntary eg. reflex of taking hand off hot stove |
| What is the Autonomic Nervous System? | It is also called the Visceral Motor System, it subconscious, the automatic control of: smooth muscle, Cardiac Muscle, Glandular secretions and adipose tissue |
| What is the response of Autonomic NS? | Responds using either: Parasympathetic division & Sympathetic division |
| What is the Parasympathetic state? | The rest and digest state |
| What is the Sympathetic state? | The faint, flight, or fight state. |
| What is influenced by the sympathetic and parasympathetic of NS? | The Enteric Nervous System |
| What is the Enteric Nervous System? | Is the extensive network of neurons and nerve plexuses in the walls of the gastrointestinal system. |
| Which part of the Nervous System stands alone? | The ENS is a stand-alone system |
| How many neurons can be found in the ENS? | 100 million neurons that is as many as the spinal cord. |
| Does the ENS uses the same neurotransmitters found in the brain? | True |
| Define the Brain? | Perception and processing of stimuli (somatic/autonomic), execution of motor responses (somatic) & regulation of mechanisms (autonomic) |
| Define the Spinal Cord? | Initiation of reflexes from ventral horn (somatic) and lateral horn (autonomic) gray matter pathways for sensory and motor functions between periphery and brain (somatic/autonomic) |
| Define Nerves in the PNS? | Fibers of sensory and motor neurons (somatic/autonomic) |
| Define Ganglia in the PNS? | Group of neuron cell bodies in PNS. Example: Dorsal Root Ganglion of sensory afferent/dorsal root Reception of sensory stimuli by dorsal root and cranial ganglia (somatic/autonomic). Relay of visceral motor responses by autonomic ganglia (autonomic) |
| Define the digestive tract of the ENS? | The enteric nervous system(ENS), located in the digestive tract, is responsible for autonomous functions and can operate independently of the brain and the spinal cord. |
| Define Neurons? | The basic functional unit of the nervous system |
| Name the functions of neurons? | Have excitable plasma membrane, send and receive signals, generate and propagate action potentials, secrete neurotransmitter messages, function in communication, info processing, & control |
| ................ does not have centrioles and cannot divide? | CNS Neurons |
| Define Perikaryon? | Cell body of a neuron |
| What are the characteristics of a Neuron? | Large nucleus and nucleolus, Mitochondria (produce energy), RER and ribosomes (synthesize proteins, Nissl bodies & Microtubule's, neurofilaments, neurofibrils all give shape |
| What are Nissl bodies? | Dense areas of RER and ribosomes in perikaryon, site of protein synthesis |
| What does Neurotubules, neurofilaments and neurofibrils give? | They all give shape |
| What are a Dendrites? | Short and highly branched processes extending from cell body. for intercellular communication |
| What are Dendritic Spines? | Fine processes on dendrites, the part of the neuron which receives information from other neurons in the CNS, 80-90% of neuron surface area |
| What is a Telodendria? | Branches of the end of the axon or the fine extensions of distal axon |
| What are Axons? | Single, long cytoplasmic process ie. can be up to 3' long |
| Name the function of an Axon? | Propagates electrical signals (action potentials) |
| Define Axoplasm? | The cytoplasm of axon, contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, enzymes, and organelles |
| Define Axolemma? | Plasma membrane of the axon & covers the axoplasm. |
| What is Axon hillock? | Is the thick region (after initial segment) before axon elongates |
| Define Initial Segment? | Is the base of the axon attached to neuron cell body |
| What is another name for Telodendria? | Terminal Branches |
| What are Axon terminals? | Tips of telodendria, End of neuron; one half of the synapse |
| Give another name for Axon terminals? | Synaptic terminals |
| What is a Synapse? | The space where a neuron communicates with another cell |
| Define Axonal (axoplasmic) Transport? | Movement of materials from neuron cell body to end of axon at terminals |
| Define Anterograde? | Movement along neurotubules from cell body to terminal, kinesin |
| Define retrograde? | Movement from terminal to cell body, -Dynein |
| Mention the four classes of Neurons? | Anaxonic neuron, Bipolar neuron, Unipolar neuron and Multipolar neuron |
| What is Anaxonic neuron? | Anaxonic neurons have more than two processes, and they may be dendrites; axons are not obvious |
| What is a Bipolar neuron? | They have two processes separated by the cell body |
| Define Unipolar neuron? | They have a single elongated process, with the cell body located off to the side. |
| Define Multipolar neuron? | They have more than two processes; there is a single axon and multiple dendrites. |
| Characteristics of Anaxonic neurons? | Small, All cell processes looks similar, & found in brain and special sense organs |
| Characteristics of Bipolar neurons? | Small and rare, one dendrite and one axon, & found in special sense organs ( sight, smell, hearing) |
| Characteristics of Unipolar neurons ( pseudounipolar neurons) | Axon and dendrites are fused, cell body to one side, & most neurons of PNS. |
| Characteristics of Multipolar neurons? | Have one long axon and two more dendrites, most common neurons in CNS, & all motor neuron that control Skeletal muscle |
| Give one example of multipolar neuron's? | Axon that stretches from spinal cord to toe |
| Name the 3 functional classes on neurons? | Sensory neuron, Motor neuron, & Interneuron. |
| Name the X'tics of the Sensory Neuron? | Afferent IN, Carries impulses to CNS & Unipolar |
| Name the characteristics of the motor neuron? | Efferent Out, Carry impulse from CNS to muscle or gland or adipose (effector), multipolar |
| What is the Characteristics of the Interneuron? | Relay between, Process information between sensory and motor neuron in spine. |
| What is are Sensory neurons? | Unipolar afferent from the peripheral nervous system |
| What delivers information about external or internal environment from their receptors to the CNS? | Sensory Neurons |
| Name the cell body located in the Dorsal Root Ganglia? | Sensory Neurons |
| What is a Ganglion? | Is a gang of cell bodies in the PNS |
| What are a somatic sensory neurons? | Monitor outside the world and our position in it |
| What are Visceral Sensory Neurons? | Monitors internal conditions and organ systems |
| List the 3 types of sensory receptors? | Interoceptors, Exteroceptors & Proprioceptors |
| What are Interoceptors? | Monitors internal systems ( digestive, urinary) & Internal senses ( stretch, deep pressure, pain) |
| What are Exteroceptors? | Monitor external environment (eg. temperature) & complex senses (eg. sight, smell, hearing) |
| What are Proprioceptors? | Monitor position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints. |
| What are Motor Neurons? | Efferent division of PNS carrying motor commands from CNS, Land on peripheral effectors in SNS & ANS |
| What are Somatic neurons? | Somatics nervous system effectors to all skeletal muscles at NMJ |
| What are Visceral Motor neurons? | 1. ANS effectors to smooth mm., cardiac mm., adipose tissue, and glands |
| What are Visceral Motore neurons? | 2. Peripheral autonomic ganglia- neurons with cell bodies located in ganglia that have a two-nerve component (preganglionic and postganglionic nerves |
| What are Interneurons (Relay) | Also called Association neurons, 20 billion, outnumber all other types of neurons, Enable communication between sensory or motor neurons & CNS, |
| Where can interneurons be found? | Mostly in brain and spinal cord, some in autonomic ganglia & Integration |
| What is Integration? | Interface between sensory incoming and motor outgoing, memory, planning and learning. |
Created by:
akolog
Popular Anatomy sets