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Genito-Urinary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Structures of the urinary system | L&R kidney L&R Ureters urinary bladder Urethra Adrenal gland (suprarenal gland) |
| Function of the adrenal glands | Produce adrenaline and nor-adrenaline |
| Differentiate between male and female urethras | Female (internal Male (external) |
| Function of kidney | Removes excess water, salts and wastes of protein metabolism from the blood Returns nutrients and chemicals to the blood |
| Are kidneys retro-peritoneal or intraperitoneal | Retro |
| Kidney location | Upper three lumbar vertebrae |
| Location of right kidney | Lower boarder of T12 to lower boarder of L3 |
| Location of right kidney | Upper boarder of T12 to upper boarder of L3 |
| Description of kidney | Covered anteriorly by peritoneum Flat against the posterior wall of the abdomen Has hilum where structures enter the organ (renal arteries and nerve supply) Renal vein + ureter (exit kidney) Angterior view is concave Posterior is flat |
| True or false. Right renal vein is shorter than the left renal vein | True |
| True or false. The right renal artery is shorter than the left renal artery | false |
| Artery entering Bowmans capsule | Afferent arteriole from renal artery |
| Artery leaving Bowman's capsule | Efferent arteriole from renal artery |
| Hilum location | on concave medial border |
| Structures that enter of exit through hilum | Renal vein anterior Renal artery middle Renal pelvis Posterior Others such as nerves and lymphatics |
| Origin of renal arteries | From aorta at level between L2 and L3 |
| Point at which ureter enters pelvis | Where common iliac arteries bifurcates into external and internal iliac artery |
| Renal calculus (Kidney stones) | Cause complete or intermediate obstruction of urinary flow (concentrated version of urine and salts due to lack of water) can travel to ureter or get stuck in ureter or in bladder |
| Bladder in males | Pelvis minor |
| Urethra name in the penis | Spongy urethra (because it passed through corpus spongiosum) |
| Area where urine collects before it leaves the penis | Navicular fossa |
| Similarities between male and female bladders | Same position |
| Is female urethra divided into different parts? | No |
| Difference between supra renal glands | R adrenal gland= triangular L adrenal gland = oval shaped |
| Trigone | very smooth in comparison to the rest of the bladder |
| Function of trigone | Smooth surface allows for effective drainage into neck of bladder then into urethra |
| Function of median umbilical ligament | Holds bladder down to abdominal wall so that the bladder stays in place |
| Three divisions of male urethra | 1) prostatic urethra (passes through prostate) 2) Membranous urethra (passes through perineum) 3) Spongy urethra (Passes through corpus spongiosum) |
| Location of the base of the bladder | At the "back" posterior side where the ureters enter |
| The surface of the bladder able to extend/expand | Superior surface of the bladder |
| Blood supply of bladder | Superior vesicular arteries (from umbilical arteries from the internal iliac artery) |
| Location of External urethral sphincter | In perineum |
| Pelvic floor function | Support organs found in pelvis In females it supports the uterus Separates pelvic cavity from perineum Has openings to allow anus, rectum and vagina to pass through Because its a muscle= constrict and expand |
| Group of muscles making up pelvic floor | Levator ani muscles(pelvic diaphragm) + coccygeal muscles |
| Inferior part of pelvic diaphragm is called | Perineum (diamond shaped space in between thighs) |
| Urogenital triangle is divided into | Deep (has sphincter for urethra) and superficial compartments by a facia (Perineal membrane) |
| Internal male genital organs | Prostate gland Ductus deference Seminal vesicle Bulbo-urethral gland Ejaculatory duct Seminal vesicle Ampulla of ductus deference |
| External organs of male genital | Testis and penis |
| Is sperm found in ampulla of ductus deference activated or not | It is not activated yet. It cannot fertilise an ovum as yet |
| What gives spermatozoa energy to swim when it leaves Ampulla | Fructose |
| Bulbo-urethral gland function | Gives sperm more fluid to travel once inside female |
| Anatomical course of sperm | Testis> epididymis> Ductus deference> Ampulla of ductus deference + Seminal vesicle> Ejaculatory duct> urethra |
| What does the seminal vesicles secrete? | Alkaline fluid (because if sperm is neutral and enters vagina it will kill sperm due to acidity in vagina) and fructose= Energy |
| Gonadal arteries (two divisions) | Testicular artery Ovarian artery |
| Female genital organs (mainly internal) | Uterus Ovary with uterine tube/fallopian tube Cervix Vaginal canal Labia minora Labia majora |
| Are female reproductive organs intra- or retroperitoneal | Intra peritoneal Double layer of peritoneum therefore has mesentery (broad ligament) |
| Thick walled muscular organ in female reproductive... | Uterus |
| Describe uterus | Thick muscular organ Inverted pear shape Between urinary bladder and rectum Uterine tubes open on superior sides of uterus |
| Angle between uterus and vagina | 90* (Anteversion) |
| This structure has a Fundus, body and cervix | Uterus |
| Anteflexion VS anteversion | Anteversion The 90* angle of uterus and vaginal canal Anteflexion: Uterus is bent anteriorly over the bladder |
| Support of the uterus | Ligaments and pelvis diaphragm |
| Different mesentery of uterus | 1) Mesometrium 2) Mesosalpinx 3) Mesovarium |
| Where does fertilisation normally occur | Between ampulla of uterine tube and isthmus |
| Anatomical course of female sex cells | Ovary> Fimbrae of uterine tube> ampulla> isthmus of uterine tube> Uterus (body)> cervix of uterus> vagina |
Created by:
Brenty
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