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ANATOMY
Mechanisms of Disease chap 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is health? | Physical, mental, and social well being; not merely the absence of disease |
| what is disease? | an abnormality in the body that threatens health |
| what does idiopathic mean | signs are objective- can be seen or measured by someone other than the pt. example: rash signs are subjective-abnormalities felt only by the pt |
| what does pathogenesis mean? | Mechanism of a diseases development |
| What does acute mean? | signs + symptoms appear suddenly, persist for a short time, then disappear |
| What does chronic pain? | Disease that develops slowly and last for long time (perhaps for life) |
| what does epidemiology mean? | the study of occurrence, distribution and transmission of disease in human populations |
| What are epidemic diseases? | native to a local region |
| What are Epidemics? | When a disease affects many people at the same time |
| What does pathophysiology mean | study of underlying physiological aspects of disease |
| what are 6 types of disease mechansims? | 1. Genetic mechanism's 2. Infectious mechanisms 3 Neoplastic mechanisms 4. Traumatic mechanisms 5. Metabolic mechanisms 6. Inflammatory mechanisms |
| What are Genetic mechanisms of disease? | Inherited traits put a person at a greater risk than normal for developing a specific disease (sickle cell) |
| What are infectious mechanisms of disease? | Organisms causing damage to the tissue |
| What are neoplastic mechanisms of disease? | Tumors and cancer; abnormal tissue growth or neoplasms |
| What are traumatic mechanisms of disease? | Injury by physical and chemical agents |
| What are metabolic mechanisms of disease? | Endocrine imbalances or malnutrition |
| What are 3 types of inflammatory mechanisms of disease? | 1. autoimmunity 2. inflammation 3. Degeneration |
| What are inflammatory mechanisms of disease that manifest as autoimmunity? | Faulty response or overreaction to the immune system that causes it to attack the body |
| What are inflammatory mechanisms of disease that manifest as inflammation? | Refer to the set of reactions of the immune system such as pain, redness, swelling and warmth |
| What are inflammatory mechanisms of disease that manifest as degeneration? | Breaking apart or degeneration of tissue, occurs by means of many still unknown processes |
| What are the 6 categories of risk factors for disease? | 1. Genetics 2. Age 3. Stress 4. Environment 5. Preexisting conditions |
| What are genetic risk factors for disease? | Inherited traits put a person at greater risk than normal for developing a specific disease (sickle cell) |
| What are age risk factors for disease? | different phases of the human life cycle (ear infections are common in children , bone frx in elderly) |
| What are lifestyle risk factors for disease? | the way we live and work |
| What are stress risk factors for disease? | psychological or emotional stress (headaches HTN) |
| What are environmental risk factors for disease? | Climate and pollution |
| What is an example of a preexisting risk factors for disease? | Infections (pressure injuries) |
| How does a virus cause disease? | Invade host cells an pirate organelles and raw materials |
| What are 3 different ways that viruses can be classified? | 1. Shape 2. Nucleic acid type (RNA or DNA) 3. method of reproduction |
| what is HIV? | HIV is the type of virus that attack the immune system HIV is primarily found in blood, semen, or vaginal fluid of an infected person |
| What type of virus is one of the leading causes of the common cold? | Coronavirus |
| How do Coronaviruses spread? | Respiratory or other body fluids |
| What viruses are transmitted from an infected bird to a mosquito, then to the human? | Flaviviruses |
| How do bacteria causes harm? | Secrete toxins, parasitize host cells, or form colonies |
| How are bacteria classified? | by their gram reaction (gram positive and negative) and their shape. for example; gram is negative rods |
| what is a mycotic infection? | Fungus |
| What are protzoa? | One celled organisms |
| What are the 3 categories of protozoa? | Amoebas (moved by pseudopods) Flagellates (move by flagella) Ciliates (move by cilia) |
| What are 3 major groups of pathogenic animals? | Nematodes (roundworms) Platyhelminths (flatworms and flukes) Arthropods (often are vectors of disease) |
| What are the 5 most common examples of arthropods that transmit diseases? | 1. Mites 2. ticks 3. lice 4. fleas 5. mosquitos |
| What are 2 ways to control diseases that are transmitted by person-to-person contact? | 1. education 2. use aseptic technique |
| What are 2 ways to control diseases that are transmitted by the environment? | 1. avoid contact 2. safe sanitation practices |
| What are 2 ways to control diseases that are transmitted by opportunistic invasion? | 1 avoiding changes in the skin and mucous membranes (PH and environmental changes) 2. Cleansing the wounds |
| What are 2 ways to control diseases that are transmitted by a vector? | 1. reduce the population of vectors 2. Reduce contact w/ vectors (pesticides ) |
| What is a vaccine? | a killed or attenuated (weakened) pathogen or part of a pathogen that is given to stimulates immunity |
| What drugs can destroy bacteria? | Antibiotics |
| what drugs can destroy virsues? | Antiviral |
| What are neoplasm? | Tumors |
| What are the 2 types of tumors? | Benign (dont spread) Malignant (usually spread) |
| What is the medical term for the spreading of a malignant tumor? | Metastasis |
| What are skin or gland cancers called? | Carcinomas |
| What are 2 examples of carcinomas? | 1. Melanoma 2. Adenocarcinoma (glands) |
| What are connective tissue cancers? | Sarcomas |
| What are the 4 types of sarcomas? | 1. Lymphoma (cancer of the lymph nodes) 2. Osteosarcoma (bone cancer) 3. Myeloma (bone marrow cancer) 4. Fibrosarcoma (fibrous tissue cancer) |
| What does hyperplasia mean? | Growth of too many cells; may be normal cells or not |
| What does anaplasia mean? | growth of too many undifferentiated cells |
| What are 4 methods of detecting cancers? | 1. self examination 2 . diagnostic imaging 3. Biopsy 4. Blood tests |
| what is cachexia? | A “wasting” disorder that causes extreme weight loss and muscle wasting, and can include loss of body fat. |
| what are 3 major types of cancer treatment? | 1. Surgery 2. Chemotherapy 3. Radiation therapy |
Created by:
BriAnnaNM
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