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ANATOMY
Skin chap 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Name the four organs of the INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM | 1. skin 2. hair 3. nails 4. glands |
| What are the five Functions of the Integumentary System? | Functions. a. Protection abrasion, infections, uv light, dehydration b. Thermal regulation (maintaining proper body temp) insulation= adipose layer cooling= sweat glands c. sensory reception (touch, temp, pain, etc) d. Vitamin D production e. com |
| What are the 3 layers of the skin? | 1. epidermis 2. dermis 3. hypodermis |
| what layer of the skin provides strength to the skin | Epidermis |
| What layer of the skin provides protection to the skin? | epidermis |
| which layer of the skin has no vascularization | epidermis |
| how does the epidermis get its nutrients | it absorbs nutrients from the tissue deep to it |
| what layer of the skin are nails made of | epidermis |
| How many layers does the epidermis have and what are they? | it has 4 layers (thick has fifth layer) Stratum basale (deepest layer of epidermis) Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin) Stratum corneum (most superficial layer of epidermis) |
| what are the 4 cells found in the stratum | 1. KERATINOCYTES 2. MELANOCYTES produce MELANIN 3.MACROPHAGES (ingest and destroy cells) 4. Merkel cells |
| What protein provides waterproofing and strength to the skin? | Kertain |
| What pigment is produced in the stratum basale? | Melanin |
| In what layer of the epidermis do cells stop dividing? | Stratum spinosum |
| What layer of epidermis provides strength to the epidermis? | Stratum spinosum |
| In what layer of the epidermis do cells start to die? | Stratum granulosum |
| Why do most cells in the epidermis die? | lack of nutrients because they are now too far from nutrient source in the connective tissue |
| The main difference between thick skin and thin skin relates to the thickness of this layer. | Stratum corneum |
| This layer of the epidermis is only on the palms and soles and it is directly under the stratum corneum | Stratum lucidum |
| Which layer has cells that provide protection from uv radiation? | Stratum lucidum |
| What is a vesicle ? | Blister smaller than mm |
| What us bulla | Blister larger than 5mm |
| What re the 3 major types of skin cancer? | Basal cell carcinoma (most common, least deadly, symptoms are easily seen shiny nodules on the nose SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA Melanona (least common most deadly) |
| What is the major risk factor for skin cancer? | Major risk is UV light |
| Which type of cancer is most easily cured and almost never metastasizes? | Basal cell carcinoma usually does not metastasized |
| Which skin cancer is the most likely to metastasize? | Melanoma usually metastasizes |
| What is the medical term for a mole? | Nevus (plural nevi) |
| What is the medical term for scratch marks? | excoriations |
| what is the medical term for dry skin | Xerosis |
| what is the medical term for inflamed skin | dermatisits |
| what is eczema | itchy red skin that comes and goes |
| what causes eczema | caused by an autoimmune reaction |
| Touching poison ivy causes what type of skin condition | contact dermatitis |
| What is the name for severe dandruff? | Seborrheic dermatitis |
| what causes severe dandruff | caused by an allergy to the fungus that we have around our hair roots |
| what is psoriasis caused by | an autoimmune disease of the skin |
| what are the symptoms of psoriasis | silvery flakes on the elbows, knees and scalp which are not itchy |
| what are 2 layers of the dermis? | 1.PAPILLARY LAYER (Papillary = “Pimple” Has bumps). This is the more superficial layer. 2. RETICULAR LAYER is the deeper layer |
| what specific layer is responsible for fingerprints and what layer of the skin is t in? | The PAPILLARY LAYER is in the DERMIS and is the actual layer responsible for the fingerprints. |
| What is the strongest layer of the epidermis? | stratum spinosum |
| What is the strongest layer of the dermis? | reticular layer |
| What is the strongest layer of the skin? | epidermis |
| what layer of the skin is responsible for stretch marks | dermis |
| where are all the glands of the body located? | Dermis |
| What layer of the skin is the area that a transdermal patch must reach? | dermis |
| what layer of the skin generates the pink color seem in Caucasian people? | dermis |
| What are stretch marks and what causes them? | Caused by sudden weight (often seen in pregnancy) During expansion of skin, collagen fibers in the DERMIS separate = stretch marks. |
| What is the hypodermis? | layers in the skin that consists of fat, larger blood vessels, and nerves; sits on the top of the muscles |
| What cosmetic surgical procedure is performed in the hypodermis? | Liposuction is performed in the hypodermis. |
| what type of tissue is cellulite? | there is no such thing as cellulite |
| What are the three types of burns? | FIRST DEGREE: Minor burn; sunburn SECOND DEGREE: Dermis separates from epidermis; blister THIRD DEGREE: Hypodermis is burned. (most severe type of burn; needs a skin graft) |
| Which is the most serious? | THIRD DEGREE: Hypodermis is burned. (most severe type of burn; needs a skin graft) |
| which are the three types of burns? | First degree |
| Which is blister? | Second degree |
| which needs a skin graft? | third degree |
| What are 2 reasons why deep burns are so dangerous? | 1. infection 2.dehyradtion: nothing to keep fluid in body |
| What are DECUBITUS ULCERS | Epidermis is destroyed, underlying tissue is exposed. |
| What pigment produces brown coloration to the skin? | Melanin (dark brown pigment) more melanin darker the skin) |
| What causes the pink color of skin in Caucasians? | HEMOGLOBIN in red blood cells is a red pigment. Since the DERMIS is the skin layer that contains the blood vessels, that is the layer that causes the pink skin color of Caucasians. |
| what is the medical term for a bruise ? | Contusion "bruise" |
| what is cyanosis | bluish color to skin. caused by superficial blood vessel constriction in the dermis or lack of blood flow to the skin |
| Into what layer of the skin is ink injected for TATTOOS? | pigment is injected into the dermis |
| what vitamin is produced by the skin | vitamin D is produced by the skin (dermis) |
| What is the function of Arrector Pilli? | They are tint muscles that make the hair stick up when youre cold as in "goosebumps" |
| What part of the hair follicle is the site of hair growth and the location of the melanocytes that determine hair color? | the hair matrix |
| What do sebaceous glands secrete? | produce sebum (oil that coats the hair epidermis) |
| What glands secrete sweat? | Eccrine glands |
| what are destroyed by electrolysis? | The dermal papillae are what are destroyed by electrolysis, so hair won’t grow back. |
| what is hair made of? | Hair just dead skin cells |
| What part of the hair follicle is the site of hair growth and the location of the melanocytes that determine hair color? | the hair matrix |
| What do sebaceous glands secrete? | produce sebum (oil that coats the hair + epdiremis) |
| what glands secrete sweat? | eccrine glands |
| what causes boils? | Boils are caused by bacteria that enter a gland and invade into the hypodermis |
| How do boils differ from pimples? | boils involve the hypodermis and are larger than pimples |
| what layer of skin gives rise to the nails | the EPIDERMIS gives rise to the nails |
| what are nails made of | nails are made of keratin NOT calcium or collagen |
| What is the proximal nail fold called? | Eponychium |
| What is the white half-moon visible under the proximal part of a fingernail? | Lunula |
| What are ceruminous glands found? | only found in the ear, and they produce wax |
| What are Exocrine Glands? | Exocrine glands secrete substances into the cell itself, or onto the epidermis by way of a DUCT. |
| What are Endocrine Glands? | Endocrine glands do not have ducts. They secrete hormones directly into the blood. |
| What is Leukemia? | A cancer in blood forming cells |
| What is Lymphoma? | a tumor developing in lymphatic tissue |
| What is Carcinoma? | a tumor developing in any part of the epithelium |
| What is Melanoma? | A tumor developing in the pigment-forming cells (melanocytes) of the skin. |
| what is sarcoma? | A tumor developing in muscles, bone, and other connective tissues. |
| What are 6 CHARACTERISTICS OF CANCER CELLS? | 1. lack differentiation 2.Abnormal nuclei 3. form tumors 4. malignant 5. angiogenesis 6.metastasize (usually) |
| What are malignant tumors? | cells that reproduce rapidly forming a lump of cells that are no encapsulated |
| what are benign tumors? | cells that reproduce rapidly BUT they are in their own capsule (encapulated) and do not invade. if tumor is benign it is not cancer |
| What is angiogenesis? | the ability to bring over blood vessels to feed it, cancer is highly vascularized |
| What Diagnostic Procedure test for cervical cancer? | Pap smear detect cervical cancer |
| which test is for breast cancer? | Mammograms detect breast cancer |
| Which test is for colon cancer? | Colonoscopy detects colon cancer. A scope is inserted into the rectum so the dr can look for polyps |
| What are the ABCD’s of determining if a mole might be cancerous? | A is for Asymmetry, where one side of the mole looks different than the other side. B is for Border, where the border is jagged or irregular instead of smooth and regular. C is for Color, where the mole contains more than one color. |
| What are the ABCD’s of determining if a mole might be cancerous? | D is for Diameter. A mole that's smaller than the eraser on the end of a pencil (6mm) generally is not a cause for concern. However, a larger mole is not necessarily a dangerous one- no rmal moles often grow to be larger than 6mm. |
| In children, what is the medical term for Cradle Cap? | Seborrheic dermatitis |
| What disorder causes flaking of skin, especially knees, elbows, and scalp. There are treatments such as shampoo with coal tar or steroids, but no cure. | psoriasis |
| What disorder destroys melanocytes, causing depigmentation, especially in areas of friction? | Vitiligo |
| Surgeons make incisions on the body based on the lines of cleavage of the skin formed by what layer of skin? | dermis |
| Leather is made of this layer of skin | dermis |
| What is the term for thick, red, sometimes painful scars? More often in African American, Native American, and Asian races. Treated with cortisone shots. | keloid scars (keloidosis) |
| What is an enlargement of the lining of blood vessels, and is treated with lasers? | hemangioma |
| why does chemotherapy cause hair loss? | because the drugs target any cell that is rapidly dividing, Hair roots are an example of something that would divide rapidly |
| A genetic disorder of melanocyte development, causing a congenital white patch of hair. | Piebaldism |
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BriAnnaNM
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