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A/P Lab Quiz 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hematoxylin | Stains nucleus (DNA) purple |
| Eosin | Stains cytoplasm pink |
| Histoloy | The study of tissues |
| Tissues | Similar cells and extracellular matrix that perform the same function |
| Four types of tissues | Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial, Connective |
| Epithelial Tissue | Forms body's lines/coverings |
| Apical Epithelial Tissue | Outer part of tissue |
| Basal/Basement Epithelial Tissue | Inner part of tissue |
| Cell Shapes | Squamous, cuboid, Columnar |
| Squamous cells | Lumpy cells, have no defined shape |
| Cuboid cells | Small cubes |
| Columnar cells | Long, narrow cells |
| Cellular Layers | Simple and Stratified |
| Simple Layer | Singular layer |
| Stratified layer | 1+ layers |
| Simple Squamous Epithelial | "tiles on floor"; line lungs, inside lining of heart and blood vessels. Good for diffusion, smooth lining, and secretion of sereous fluids |
| Simple Cuboid Epithelial | Even height/width; in glands and glandular organs (Kidney tubules, liver), Good for absorption/secretion |
| Simple Columnar Epithelial | Long instead of wide, have aligned nuclei; mucus-secreting goblet cells; located in stomach/intestines |
| Stratified Squamous Epithelial | Multiple layers, cells flatten near apical surface; Located in epidermis, oral cavity, and vagina. Resist abrasion/infection and prevent water loss. |
| Types of Muscular Tissues | Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth |
| Skeletal Muscle | Attaches to bone, allows for movement. Individual cell== muscle fiber; Long, multinucleated, striated |
| Cardiac Muscle | In the heart only (involuntary control). Individual cell ==cardiomyocyte. Branched, mononucleated, striated. Connected to neighboring cells with intercalated discs. |
| Smooth Muscle | Lines hollow organs in the body (involuntary control). Individual cells are mononucleated and NOT striated. |
| Nervous Tissue | Send/receive electrochemical signals; communication; Located in brain, spinal cord, ganglia, peripheral nerves. Conductive cell== neuron |
| Connective Tissue | Mostly extracellular matrix, only some cells, with protein fibers. Connects, supports, protects. |
| Types of Connective Tissues | Dense/Loose Connective, Cartilage, Hyaline-cartilage, Adipose, Bone, Blood |
| Dense Connective Tissue | Cells==fibroblasts, contains regular and irregular connective. Support and connect structures |
| Regular Dense Connective Tissue | Tissue with parallel fibers (ex. tendons) |
| Irregular Dense Connective Tissue | Tissue with multidirectional fibers (ex. dermis) |
| Loose Connective Tissue//Adipose | Fiber obscured by fat-filled cells (adipocytes); insulation, protection, storage |
| Cartilages | Cells==chondrocytes; Connect, support, protect structures while allowing flexibiliy |
| Types of Cartilages | Hyaline (ends of long bones, respiratory passages), Fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage |
| Bone | Cells==osteocytes; Collagen based mineral matrix gives solid texture. Found in skeleton, give support |
| Blood | Fluid matrix==plasma; Cells== erythrocytes and leukocytes; no visible fibers BUT collagen fibers occur during clotting; Found in cardiovascular system, used to transport materials |
| Three main regions of a hair (in order bottom to top) | Hair bulb, Hair root, Hair shaft |
| Three main regions of a nail (in order bottom to top); Nail plate | Nail root, nail body, free edge |
| Epidermis | Surface epithelium of skin |
| Dermis | Lower epithelium of skin (below epidermis) |
| Sudoriferous glands (sweat) | Small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat; exocrine glands (on the SURFACE via a duct) |
| Sebaceous glands (oil) | Small oil-producing gland present WITHIN the skin of mammals (endocrine). Usually attached to hair follicles |
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