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Within cell plasma membrane:
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cytoplasm
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A+P Test 1 Ch3b
Cytoplasm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Within cell plasma membrane: | cytoplasm |
| cytoplasm | everything between the plasma membrane and the nucleus (cytosol and organelles) |
| cytosol | intracellular fluid, 90% water and where lots of chemical reactions take place |
| organelles | specialized structures within the cell with specific shapes and functions. |
| cytoskeleton and 3 types (smallest to largest diameter) | network of protein filaments that extends throughout the cytosol. Microfilament, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. |
| Microfilament | Thin fibers of actin at edge of cell that support movement and give mechanical support (strength and shape of cells, support microvilli) |
| Microvilli | Have a core of parallel microfilaments. Greatly increase surface area, so abundant on cells involved in absorption, such as epthelial cells that line the small intestine. |
| Intermediate filament | Very strong (made of proteins). Found where subject to mechanical stress. Stabilize the position of organelles and nucleus. Help attach cells to one another. |
| Microtubule | Largest, made of long hollow unbranched tubes of protein (mainly tubulin). Help with shape of cell, movement of organelles (chromosomes during cell division), and movement of cilia and flagella. |
| cilia | numerous, short, hairlike, on cell surface, anchored by a basal body. oar-like movement. Moves fluids along a cell's surface. (lung and fallopian tube cells). |
| flagella | usually 1/cell. Whip-like (wave-like)motion that moves the entire cell. (Sperm tail). |
| ribosome | Make proteins. Little balls (containing lots of rRNA) mostly attached to rough ER. Made in nucleolus. |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Extends from the nuclear envelope as flattened sacs or tubules. Rough ER secretes proteins. Smooth ER (extending off rough ER)detoxes (liver). |
| Organelle responsible for drug intolerances. | Smooth ER |
| Golgi Complex | "post office" Gets proteins from ribosomes of rough ER and packages and sorts and delivers them (out of cell, to membrane, or to organelles) |
| Lysosome (-lyso=dissolve) and processes | Dissolving vesicle containing digestive enzymes that can recycle worn-out organelles (autophagy) or engulf entire cell in which it resides (autolysis). |
| Proteasome | Very very small.Gets rid of nonfunctional/abnormal proteins. |
| Peroxisome | Smaller than lysosome. Gets rid of the H2O2 it produces during cellular metabolism. (very abundant in liver as they break down alcohol) |
| Mitochondria | "Powerhouse" making ATP by way of aerobic respiration reactions (lots in kidneys, heart, and liver). Contain there own DNA, from mother only since sperm head has few organelles. Cellular metabolism. |
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