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Integumentary 1
Integumentary System Part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epidermis | The upper layer of the skin, composed of five layers primarily made of stratified squamous epithelium |
| Dermis | The lower layer of the skin, composed of connective tissue that is highly vascular and with lots of nerve endings |
| Hypodermis | Not technically a layer of the skin. Highly fatty, vascularized layer. |
| Thick Skin | 0.5 mm thick portion of epidermis that is only found on the palms and the soles. Has sweat glands, but no hair or sebaceous glands |
| Thin Skin | 0.1 mm thick portion of epidermis found everywhere on the body save for the palms and the soles. Has sweat glands, hair, and sebaceous glands. |
| Resistance to Trauma/Infection | One of the functions of the skin; the skin's acid mantle and keratin composition make it difficult for pathogens to infect the skin and more durable, respectively |
| Waterproofing | One of the functions of the skin; tight junctions, lipids, and hydrophobic proteins prevent the skin from absorbing water |
| Protection | One of the functions of the skin; aside from protection against pathogens, the skin prevents UV radiation and many harmful chemicals from entering the body |
| Vitamin D Synthesis | One of the functions of the skin; synthesizes this compound for later use by liver and kidneys |
| Sensation | One of the functions of the skin; covered in nerve endings that allow it to register pressure, temperature, pain, texture, etc. |
| Thermoregulation | One of the functions of the skin; thermoreceptors monitor temperature, and the skin can dilate or constrict blood vessels, along with the ability to sweat |
| Nonverbal Communication | One of the functions of the skin; expressions can be used to communicate without the need for words |
| Transdermal Absorption | Property of thin skin that allows certain compounds to pass right through the skin |
| Stem Cell | One of the cells of the epidermis; exists in the stratum basale and gives rise to keratinocytes |
| Keratinocyte | One of the cells of the epidermis; the most abundant cell in the epidermis, it synthesizes keratin. |
| Melanocyte | One of the cells of the epidermis; exists in the stratum basale and synthesizes melanin |
| Merkel (Tactile) Cell | One of the cells of the epidermis; exists in basal layer of epidermis and senses touch |
| Langerhans (Dendritic) Cell | One of the cells of the epidermis; immune cells that are found in the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum |
| Melanin | Pigment synthesized by melanocytes that protects DNA from UV radiation |
| Stratum Basale | The most basal of the five layers of the epidermis. Stem cells and keratinocytes rest on the basal membrane, and melanocytes and tactile cells are scattered about. |
| Stratum Spinosum | Consists of several layers of flattened keratinocytes due to keratin filaments; dendritic cells are scattered throughout. Named for artificial appearance on histological section; cell shrinkage and many desmosomes create a spiny appearance |
| Stratum Granulosum | The thickest layer of the five epidermal layers; contains coarse, dark-staining keratohyalin granules |
| Stratum Lucidum | This layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, A transparent layer, with eleidin-packed keratinocytes |
| Stratum Corneum | The most superficial of the five layers of the epidermis. Consists of up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells that form the durable surface layer of the skin. |
| Hair Follicle | Pore in the dermis that surrounds the root and strand of a hair. |
| Nail Root | Portion of the nail in the dermis that allows for the nail to grow |
| Piloerector Muscle | Muscles attached to hair follicles that erect the hair during cold or times of stress |
| Dermal Papillae | Upward fingerlike extensions of the dermis. |
| Epidermal Ridges | Downward epidermal waves formed due to dermal papillae |
| Friction Ridges | Ridges along the hands that enhances the grip (e.x.: fingertips) |
| Papillary Layer | Superficial layer of dermis; thin zone of areolar tissue in and near the dermal papilla that is rich in small blood vessels. Allows for mobility of leukocytes and other defense cells should epidermis become broken . |
| Reticular Layer | Deeper layer of the dermis; consists of dense irregular tissue |
| Striae | Stretch marks--tears in the collagen fibers caused by stretching of the skin due to pregnancy or obesity |
| Eumelanin | Brown-black pigment in skin |
| Pheomelanin | a reddish yellow sulfur-containing pigment |
| Hemoglobin | Red pigment of red blood cells |
| Carotene | Yellow pigment acquired from egg yolks and yellow/orange vegetables; concentrates in stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat |
| Cyanosis | Blueness of the skin from deficiency of oxygen in the circulating blood |
| Methemoglobinemia | Disorder involving oxygenized hemoglobin, causes cyanosis |
| Erythema | Redness of skin due to exercise, emotions, sunburn, or hot weather |
| Pallor | Paleness of skin due to shock, cold, cardiac arrest, anemia, and emotional distress |
| Albinism | Paleness of skin due to genetic lack of melanin |
| UVR | Causes skin cancer and breaks down folic acid, but is needed to synthesize vitamin D |
| Flexion lines | Lines on the flexor surfaces of the digits, palms, wrists, elbows |
| Freckles | Flat melanized patches of the skin |
| Moles | Elevated melanized patches, sometimes with hair. Needs to be monitored for possible malignancy |
| Hemangiomas | Patches of discolored skin caused by benign tumors of dermal blood capillaries |
Created by:
Rylyn27463
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