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Medical Terminology
Chapter 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aden/o | gland |
| adren/o | adrenal gland |
| andr/o | male |
| crin/o | to secrete |
| dips/o | thirst |
| adenoma | a tumor of glandular tissue |
| adrenomegaly | an enlargement of the adrenal gland |
| andromorphous | male form or appearance |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| ketonuria | ketone bodies in the urine |
| pancreatectomy | Removal of the pancreas |
| adrenal glands | located on the superior surface of each kidney; the outer adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, and the inner adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| steroid hormones | hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex |
| glucocorticoids | hormones that regulate carbohydrate metabolism and have antiinflammatory effects |
| cortisol | the most significant glucocorticoid |
| mineralocorticoid | hormones that maintain salt and water balance |
| androgens | hormones that influence development and maintenance of male sex characteristics, for example, facial hair, deep voice |
| catecholamines | hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the sympathetic nervous system in stress response |
| epinephrine | hormone that is secreted in response to fear or physical injury; also called adrenaline |
| norepinephrine | hormone that is secreted in response to hypotension (low blood pressure) and physical stress |
| ovaries | located on both sides of the uterus in the female pelvis; secrete estrogen and progesterone |
| estrogen | hormone that is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics |
| progesterone | hormone that regulates uterine conditions during pregnancy |
| islets of Langerhans | endocrine tissue within the pancreas (the organ located behind the stomach, in front of the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae); secretes insulin and glucagon |
| insulin | a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans that is responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose |
| glucagon | a hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans that regulates carbohydrate metabolism by raising blood sugar |
| parathyroid glands | two paired glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck; secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) | hormone that regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism |
| pineal gland | located in the center of the brain; secretes melatonin and serotonin |
| melatonin | hormone that is involved with circadian rhythm (24-hour cycle); affects the onset of puberty |
| serotonin | hormone that constricts blood vessels and acts as a neurotransmitter |
| pituitary gland | located at the base of the brain; considered the master gland as it secretes hormones that regulate the function of other glands, |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | hormone that initiates the growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates the secretion of estrogen in females and the production of sperm in males |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | hormone that causes ovulation; stimulates the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum; causes the secretion of testosterone in the testes |
| melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) | hormone that affects skin pigmentation |
| prolactin (PRL) | hormone that stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | hormone released by the posterior pituitary that influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules |
| thymus | located in the mediastinum (partition between the lungs) anterior to and above the heart; secretes thymosin |
| thymosin | hormone that regulates immune response |
| thyroid | located in front of the neck; secretes triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin |
| triiodothyronine (T3) | thyroid hormone similar to thyroxine but having greater potency; regulates metabolism |
| thyroxine (T4) | thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism |
| calcitonin | hormone that regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism |
Created by:
HannahLCobb
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