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Medical Terminology

Chapter 9

TermDefinition
angi/o vessel
ather/o fatty (lipid) paste
sphygm/o pulse
angiogram x-ray record of a blood vessel
interatrial septum partition between the right and left atria
interventricular septum partition between the right and left ventricles
visceral pericardium layer of the pericardial sac closest to the heart
sinoatrial (SA) node the pacemaker; highly specialized, neurologic tissue embedded in the wall of the right atrium; responsible for initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat
atrioventricular (AV) node neurologic tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
Purkinje fibers fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract
polarization resting; resting state of a myocardial cell
depolarization change of a myocardial cell from a polarized (resting) state to a state of contraction
repolarization recharging of the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state
normal sinus rhythm (NSR) regular rhythm of the heart cycle stimulated by the SA node
aneurysm a widening; a bulging of the wall of an artery caused by a congenital defect or acquired weakness
saccular aneurysm a sac-like bulge on one side of an artery
fusiform aneurysm a spindle-shaped bulge of an artery
dissecting aneurysm a split or tear of the arterial wall
arteriosclerosis thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification (hardening) of arterial walls
atherosclerosis a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the buildup of fatty substances that harden within the walls of arteries
atheromatous plaque a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat (lipids)
claudication limping; pain in a limb (especially the calf) while walking that subsides after rest; caused by inadequate blood supply
thrombus a stationary blood clot
infarct a localized area of necrosis (dead tissue cells) caused by ischemia resulting from occlusion of a blood vessel; to stuff into
perfusion deficit lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion, or obstruction
stenosis condition of narrowing of a part
acute coronary syndrome (ACS) signs and symptoms indicating an active process of atherosclerotic plaque buildup or formation of a thrombus, or spasm within a coronary artery, causing a reduction or loss of blood flow to myocardial tissue
fibrillation chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation
atrial flutter rapid regular atrial contractions occurring at rates between 250 and 330/minute
premature ventricular contraction(PVC) a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker)
bacterial endocarditis a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves
cardiac tamponade compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart
cardiomyopathy a general term for disease of the heart muscle
atrial septal defect (ASD) an opening in the septum separating the atria
coarctation of the aorta narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus (a vessel that connects the left pulmonary artery with the descending aorta) to close after birth
ventricular septal defect (VSD) an opening in the septum separating the ventricles
Created by: HannahLCobb
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