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All Terms for Unit 2
the Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ABCDE rule | Symptoms to look for on skin spots as indicators of cancer: Asymmetry; Border irregularity; Color irregularity; Diameter; Evolving |
| acne | a disorder associated with the inflammation & over-activation of the sebaceous oil glands - usually linked to hormones and clogged pores |
| apocrine | sweat glands that connect to the hair follicle (in conjunction with bacteria, they're responsible for body odor). Found in the axillary & genital areas. sweat contains water, salt, fatty acids, urea, & proteins ***looks like APE = hairy & stinky*** |
| arrector pili | a smooth muscle attached to hair follicles that causes "goose bumps" to appear on the skin when contracted |
| athlete's foot | contagious fungal infection; symptoms may include itchy blisters that occur between the toes |
| basal cell carcinoma | least malignant but most common type of skin cancer (arrises from the basal layer). |
| benign | mild, not cancerous, not spreading |
| boils | also called carbuncles, these painful lumps are usually caused by bacteria infecting the hair follicle |
| capillaries | Smallest vessels that supply the dermis with blood; creates a pinkish hue on skin; when vessels are full of blood, this produces blushing / flushing |
| cold sore | a homeostatic imbalance of the skin caused by a VIRUS; also known as herpes simplex virus type 1 or fever blisters |
| contact dermatitis | an imbalance of the skin caused by touch. Inflammation may be nonspecific. Symptoms include itching, redness, and SWELLING (derma - skin, itis - swelling). Basically, rashes. |
| cutaneous membrane | The skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers of cells that are sometimes keratinized to make up the hair, and nails and create a waterproof boundary; an intact skin surface is the best way the body can defend itself against pathogens |
| cuticle | The narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the proximal end of a nail; also called the proximal nail fold or eponychium |
| cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from not enough oxygen on the blood |
| dermal papillae | wavy bumps just under the epidermis, in the papillary region, that give your skin fingerprints |
| dermis | the "middle" layer of skin, deep of the epidermis; can be further divided into the papillary and reticular regions |
| epi- | prefix meaning upon |
| epidermis | the outermost layer of skin |
| epidermis layers | stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale **Come, (Let's) Get Sun Burned** |
| fingernails | a modification of the epidermis that contains the most amount of keratin |
| first-degree burn | epidermis is burned & appears red & swollen; may or may not be painful; does NOT blister |
| flush | redness of skin (also known as erythroderma) |
| free edge | part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe |
| free nerve ending | a cutaneous receptor in the papillary region that detects pain |
| functions of the skin | protection from UV rays; defense against pathogens; lubricates body surfaces; produces vitamin D; eliminates waste through sweat; retains moisture; regulates internal body temperature |
| hair | compressed, keratinized epidermal cells that shed into hair follicles |
| hair follicle | The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root; regulates hair growth via hormones and immune cells |
| herpes | a viral infection that is usually seen as a blister on or near he mouth and face |
| hyperthermia | having a body temperature above normal |
| hypodermis | the deep, insulative layer of your skin made of adipose; over time, this subcutaneous fat wears down, causing the skin to sag, resulting in lines & wrinkles |
| hypothermia | having a body temperature below normal |
| impetigo | acute, inflammatory, contagious skin disease seen in babies and young children; symptoms look like herpes, but this disease is caused by bacteria |
| jaundice | yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood |
| keratin | a tough protein created in the stratum granulosum that hardens the skin. It prevents the skin from soaking up too much moisture and gives hair & nails a hard texture. |
| lamellar | a corpuscle or receptor located deep in the reticular region that detects pressure; AKA Pacinian corpuscle |
| lateral nail fold | The fold of skin on the sides of the nail; If this portion of the nail is deformed, it may cause ingrown nails in the fingers or toes |
| lunula | The crescent moon-shaped root region of the nail plate that is extra thick and strong (as shown in its opaque, white color) due to the protein, keratin. |
| malignant | cancerous, spreading |
| matrix | thickened portion of bed responsible for nail growth |
| melanin | a dye produced by skin cells called melanocytes that helps to reduce the harmful effect of ultraviolet radiation contained in sunlight--a natural sun screen; also determines shade of skin, hair, eye color |
| melanocytes | cells in the epidermal layer that form and contain pigment; they are sometimes known to become carcinoids |
| melanoma | a type a cancer in the melanocytes of the skin. Indicated by a pigmented spot that's asymmetrical, has irregular borders, is bigger than a pencil eraser, or is multiple colors |
| merocrine | type of sweat gland whose ducts connect directly to the epidermis. Found all over the body; used to produce a watery mixture that moves heat from inside your body to the skin's surface; also called eccrine |
| metastasize | (cancer) spreading to other parts of the body |
| mucous | The membrane / lining of various body cavities that are exposed to the outside of the body, including the nose, ears, eyes, rectum, vagina, urethra, and mouth |
| nail plate | Hardened keratin plate covering the nail bed. |
| pallor | lack of blood under the skin resulting in a pale color |
| papillary region | the superficial region of the dermis; contains dermal papillae, tactile corpuscles, sebaceous glands, & free nerve endings |
| parasite | An organism that feeds on a living host; examples: crabs, head lice, mites, scabies, fleas, ticks |
| psoriasis | a chronic inflammatory skin shedding disease characterized by epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery-white scales. Basically a condition where your skin has too much keratin so it doesn't shed properly |
| reticular region | the deep region of the dermis; contains blood vessels & lamellated corpuscles |
| ringworm | a highly contagious fungal infection marked by raised, itchy, circular patches with crusts |
| risks of burns | dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, circulatory shock, hypertrophic scarring, infection |
| root | Part of the hair that is enclosed in a follicle |
| rule of nines | the method used to measure the surface area of the body that's burned so a physician may estimate volume of fluid lost |
| sebaceous | oil glands connected to hair follicles that keep the skin and hair cells soft and flexible by producing a moisturizing lipid called sebum; also helps to prevent bacteria infestation |
| sebum | the moisturizing oil produced by sebaceous glands; keeps skin & hair soft, also kills bacteria |
| second-degree burn | epidermis & dermis are burnt; skin appears red, swollen, & has blisters |
| serous | Membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body; heart membrane (pericardium), brain membrane (meninges), lung membrane (plura), etc... |
| shingles | a mutated version of the viral chickenpox disease |
| stratum lucidum | additional layer of skin only found in areas like the palms of your hands & the soles of your feet |
| stratum spinosum | the biggest layer of the epidermis; overproduction of cells in this layer may cause squamous cell carcinoma |
| tactile | a corpuscle/receptor in the papillary region that detects light touch; AKA Meissner corpuscle |
| third-degree burn | epidermis, dermis & hypodermis are burnt; skin appears red, swollen, has blisters, has black/grey charring |
| ultraviolet | this type of radiation (from the sun) is the leading cause of skin cancer |
| warts | viral infections that affect the skin usually surrounding or underneath the nail, hands, & feet |
| epithelial | A body tissue comprised of piles of cells that cover the surfaces of the body, inside and out |
| connective | A body tissue comprised of cells AND MATRIX (like fibers) that provide support for the body and connects all of its parts |
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