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Anatomy Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Orthopedics | the preservation and restoration of the skeletal system, joints, and other associated structures |
| Types of bones | Long,short, flat, irregular, structural wormian, sesamoid |
| Long | longer than wide with a diaphysis and 2 epiphysis, curved to absorb stress, compact and spongy bone |
| Short | cube shaped/equal length and width, mostly spongy |
| Flat | thin with compact and spongy bone, protection and muscle attachment |
| Irregular | variety of shapes |
| Structural wormian | small bones within joints (sutures) of cranial bones (sutures in skull) |
| Sesamoid | within tendons (petulla) |
| Axial bones | 80, consists of skull, hyoid, ribs, sternum, and vertebrae |
| Appendicular bones | 126, consists of upper and lower limbs |
| Cranium bones | frontal (1), parietal (2), occipital (1), temporal (2), sphenoid (1), ethmoid (1) |
| Frontal bone (1) | above upper eyes, upper margin of the orbit (supraorbital foramen), blood vessels and nerves pass to tissues of forehead, 2 frontal sinuses (1 above each eye) |
| Parietal bones (2) | 1 one each side of skull (bulging sides of roof and cranium),fused at midline along sagittal suture and meet frontal along coronal suture |
| Occiptial bone (1) | joins parietal along lamboidal suture, forms the back of skull and base of cranium, large opening on lower surface |
| Temporal bones (2) | joins parietal along squamosal suture, sides and base of cranium, contains external auditory meatus along inferior margin, mandibular fossae is a depression that articulates with the processes of the mandible, mastoid process provides attachment for the n |
| Sphenoid bone (1) | base of cranium, sides of skull, floor, and sides of orbit, 2 sphenoidal sinuses |
| Ethmoid bone (1) | , in front of spheniod bone, made of 2 masses, 1 on each side of nasal cavity, joined by cribiform plates, triangular process of ethmoid + crista galli, Attachment for membranes that enclose brain, Perpendicular plate projects down in midline from the cri |
| Coronal Suture | front and back (in between frontal and parietal) |
| Squamosal Suture | in between temporal and parietal |
| Lamboidal | in between occipital and parietal |
| Sagittal | splits into left and right (in between parietal bones) |
| Process | projection, muscles typically attach |
| Facial bones (14) | Maxillary bones (2), Palatine bones (2), Zygomatic bones (2), Lacrimal bones (2), Nasal bones (2), Vomer (1), Inferior nasal conchae (2), Mandible (1) |
| Maxillary bones (2) | upper jaw, contains eye sockets and teeth, hard plate- roof of mouth composed of maxillae and palatine bones, floor or orbits, sides and floor of nasal cavity, maxillary sinuses are the largest of sinuses, alveolar arch is the cavity that contains teeth |
| Palatine bones (2) | found behind maxillae, L-shaped, forms posterior section of hard plate and floor of nasal cavity |
| Zygomatic bones (2) | cheeks and sides of eyes, Temporal process joins zygomatic process of temporal bone to form tempoiral zygomatic arch |
| Lacrimal bones (2) | found in medial wall of each orbit between ethmoid and maxilla |
| Nasal bones (2) | bridge of nose, long, thin, rectangular |
| Vomer (1) | creates left and right half, thin and flat, joins ethmoid and forms nasal septum |
| Inferior nasal conchae (2) | small, "scroll shaped" bone, fragile, attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity, support for mucus membranes within nasal cavity |
| Mandible (1) | lower jaw, for chewing, only moveable facial bone, contains coronoid process, contains alveolar arch (houses lower teeth) |
| Vertebral column | formed by 24 single vertebra, sacrum, and coccyx, supports the skull, protects spinal cord |
| intervertebral disc | a fibrocartilaginous disc serving as a cushion between all of the vertebrae of the spinal column |
| S-shape | helps absorb shock |
| Anterior concave curve | in thoracis and sacral regions |
| Anterior convex curve | in cervical and lumbar region |
| Structure of a vertebrae | body, transverse process, spinous process, vertebral arch, superior/inferior articular processes, vertebral foramen |
| body | large disk shaped structure which bears the weight |
| transverse process | lateral, bony extension that allows muscles/ligament attachment |
| spinous process | posterior process |
| vertebral arch | pedicle, extends from body to transverse process, laminae, extends from transverse process to spinous process |
| superior/inferior articular processes | projections lateral from central canal that articulate with vertebrea |
| vertebral formen | large central canal |
| Types of vertebrae | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar |
| Cervical | C1-C7, breakfast, Bifurcated Spinous Process, Transverse foramen, smallest, in the neck region |
| Atlas | C1, allows "yes" motion |
| Axis | C2, allows "no" motion |
| Thoracic | T1-T12, facets on transverse processes for rib articulation, heart shaped, spinous process points sharply downward |
| Lumbar | L1-L5, strongest, largest, blockiest body, short, hatchet shaped spinous process |
| Sacrum | consists of 5 fused vertebrea, S1-S5, in the hips |
| Coccyx | consists of 3-5 vertebrea, Co1-Co4, "tailbone" |
| Bony thorax | enclose and protect organs, support shoulder girdle and upper limbs |
| Sternum | manubrium- superior portion, body- middle portion, xiphoid process- lower portion, Articulates with first 7 pairs of ribs |
| Ribs | 12 pairs, 2 articulate w/ thoracic vertebrea |
| True ribs | pairs 1-7, ribs cartilage sterum |
| False ribs | pairs 8-12, ribs cartilage more cartilage then sternum |
| Floating ribs | pairs 11 and 12, have no sternal attachment |
| Hyoid bone | u shaped bone, doesn't articulate with any other bone in the body |
| Ear bones (3) | malleus, incus, stapes |
| Long Bone Examples | femur, tibia, fibula, phalanges, humerus, radius, ulna |
| Short Bone Examples | carpals, tarsals |
| Flat Bones Examples | cranial sternum, ribs, scapulae |
| Irregular Bones Example | vertebrae, some facial bones |
Created by:
dkunkel
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