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Chapter 1 (A&P)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pneuomothorax | condition characterized by air entering the thoracic cavity |
| Tendon | attaches muscle to bone |
| Ligament | attaches bone to bone |
| Metabolism | all the chemical reactions that occur within body cells |
| Irritability | the ability to sense changes in the environment |
| Digestion | the process of breaking down food |
| Hematopoesis | the production of blood vessels |
| Cardiovascular | system that the heart is part of |
| Physiology | the study and how the body and its parts work or function |
| Urinary | system the removes the nitrogenous wastes from the body |
| Capillary | smallest type of blood vessel |
| Organism | the highest level of structural organization |
| Tissue | groups of similar cells that have a common function |
| Aorta | largest blood vessel in the body |
| Excretion | process of removing wastes from the body |
| Trachea | tube that carries air to the lungs |
| Homeostasis | the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions |
| Organ | structure formed of two or more tissue types |
| Endocrine glands | Ductless glands |
| Integumentary | system that the external covering of the body of the skin |
| Homeostatic imbalance | term that describes the disturbance of the body's stable internal condition |
| Cells | the smallest units of all living things |
| Diaphragm | separates the superior thoracic cavity from the rest of the ventral cavity |
| Exocrine glands | glands with ducts |
| Atoms | the building blocks of matter |
| Abdominal cavity | containing the stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs |
| Abdominopelvic cavity | inferior to the diaphragm |
| Afferent pathway | where information flows from the receptor to the control center |
| Anatomical position | the initial reference point that the body is in (facing front) |
| Anatomy | the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationship to one another |
| Cardiac muscles | makes up the thick middle layer of the heart |
| Control center | determines the level at which a variable is to be maintained , analyzes the information it receives and then determines the appropriate response or course of action |
| Cranial cavity | the space inside the bony skull |
| Digestive system | a tube running through the body from mouth to anus (oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, liver, salviary glands, and pancreas) |
| Effector | provides the means for the control center's response (output) to the stimulus |
| Efferent pathway | when information flows from the control center to the effector |
| Endocrine system | controls body cavities, but it acts much more slowly |
| Excretion | the process of moving excreta (wastes) from the body |
| Growth | an increase in size, usually accomplished by an increase in the number of cells. Cell-constructing activities must occur at a faster rate than a cell-destroying one. |
| Levels of organization | Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| Lymphatic system | complements the cardiovascular system (lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs (spleen and tonsils) |
| Mediastinum | separates the lungs into right and left cavities in the thoracic cavity (houses the heart, trachea, and other visceral organs) |
| Movement | includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system. Propelling ourselves from one place to another (walking, swimming, etc) and manipulating the external environment with our fingers (occurs inside the body as well) |
| Muscular system | muscles of the body have only one function, to contract, or shorten (smooth, cardiac, skeletal) |
| Negative feedback mechanisms | the net effect of the response to the stimulus is to shut off the original or reduce its intestity |
| Nervous system | the body's fast-acting control system consisting of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors |
| Organ system | a group of organs that works together to accomplish a common purpose |
| Physiology | the study of how the body and its parts work or function |
| Plane | an imaginary line |
| Positive feedback mechanisms | rare in the body because they tend to increase the original disturbance and push the original stimulus |
| Receptor | some type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes n the environment |
| Reproduction | the production of offspring, can occur on the cellular or organismal level |
| Reproductive system | exists primarily to produce offspring |
| Respiratory system | keeps the body constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide (nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs) |
| Responsiveness | the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment then to react to them |
| Skeletal muscles | enable humans to move and perform daily activities |
| Skeletal system | consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints which support the body and provide a framework that the skeletal muscles use to cause movement |
| Spinal cavity | extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column |
| Spleen | fights any invading germs in the blood. Controls the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood. |
| Stimuli | changes in the environment |
| Thoracic cavity | is separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by a dome-shaped muscle (lungs, heart, and others) |
| Tonsils | stops germs from entering the body through the nose and mouth |
| Urinary system | removes nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and uretha) |
| Endocrine glands | ductless glands |
| Adenosine triphosphate | energy rich molecules that power cellular activies |
| Bladder | stores urine |
| Carbohydrates | major energy providing fuel for body cells |
| Coronal section | a cut along a lengthwise plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts |
| Cross section | cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts |
| Diaphragm | dome-shaped muscle |
| Dorsal body cavity | lies close to the spine in the posterior portion of the body. has two subdivisions that are continuous with each other. |
| Estrogen | female sex hormone |
| Hemoglobin | responsible for transporting oxygen through the blood and gives blood its red color |
| Hormones | chemical substances that act like messenger molecules through the body |
| Kidney | filter waste materials from the blood and pass them out as urine, regulate blood pressure and the levels of water, salts, and minerals in the body |
| Nasal cavity | located within and posterior to the nose, is part of the respiratory system passageways |
| Nitrogen | forms 78% of the earths atmosphere |
| Orbital cavity | orbits in the skull, house the eyes, and present them in an anterior position |
| Ovaries | produce eggs (ova) |
| Pancreas | produces enzymes that help break down food |
| Pelvic cavity | houses reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum |
| Progesterone | female sex hormone |
| Pulmonary artery | carry blood from the heart to the lungs |
| Pulmonary vein | transfers oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. |
| Saggital section | a cut along the lengthwise, longitudinal, plane of the body dividing it into right and left parts |
| Skeletal muscle tissue | muscle fibers that are wrapped together by connective tissue sheaths |
| Smooth muscle tissue | located in walls of hollow visceral organs (liver, pancreas, intestines) |
| Testes | produce sperm |
| Testosterone | male sex hormone |
| Urea | main nitrogenous breakdown product of protein metabolism in mammals and is excreted in urine |
| Urethra | the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder |
| Uterus | provides the site for the development of the fetus once fertilization has occurred |
| Water | accounts for 60 to 80 percent of body weight. the single most abundant chemical substance in the body |
Created by:
margaret_05
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