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fibrous joints
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sutures
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Joints and Body Move
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fibrous joints | the bones are joined by fibrous tissues |
| sutures | irregular edges of the bones interlock and are united by very short connective tissue fibers |
| syndesmoses | articulating bones are connected by short ligaments of dense fibrous tissue; the bones do not interlock |
| cartilaginous joints | the articulating bone ends are connected by a plate or pad of cartilage |
| symphyses | bones are connected by a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage |
| synchondroses | the bony portions are united by hyaline cartilage |
| synovial joints | those in which the articulating bone ends are separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid |
| plane | articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved, allowing sliding movements in one or two planes |
| hinge | rounded process of one bone fits into the concave surface of another to allow movement in one plan, usually flexion and extension |
| pivot | rounded or conical surface of one bone articulates with a shallow depression or foramen in another bone |
| condyloid | oval condyle of one bone fits into an ellipsoidal depression in another bone |
| saddle | articulating surfaces are saddle-shaped; the articulating surface of one bone is convex, and the reciprocal surface is concave |
| ball and socket | ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a cuplike depression of another |
| flexion | a movement, generally in the sagittal plane, that decreases the angle of the joint and reduces the distance between the two bones |
| extension | a movement that increases the angle of a joint and the distance between two bones or parts of the body; opposite of flexion |
| abduction | movement of a limb away from the midline or median plane of the body, generally on the frontal plane |
| adduction | movement of a limb toward the midline of the body; the opposite of abduction |
| rotation | movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis without lateral or medial displacement |
| circumduction | a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction commonly observed in ball-and-socket joints like the shoulder |
| pronation | movement of the palm of the hand from an anterior or upward-facing position to a posterior or downward-facing position |
| supination | movement of the palm from a posterior position ot an anterior position; the opposite of pronation |
| inversion | a movement that results in the medial turning of the sole of the foot |
| eversion | a movement that results in the lateral turning of the sole of the foot; opposite of inversion |
| dorsiflexion | a movement of the ankle joint in a dorsal direction |
| plantar flexion | a movement of the ankle joint in wich the foot is flexed downward |
| hip joint | a synovial joint that is a ball and socket joint so movements can occur in all possible planes |
| knee joint | a synovial joint that is the largest and most complex joint in the body |
| shoulder joint | a synovial joint that is the most freely moving joint of the body |
| temporomandibular joint | lies just anterior to the ear, where the egg-shaped condyle of the mandible articulates with the inferior surface of the squamous region of the temporal bone |
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