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Lateef Kazim
Anatomy Week 6-12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pharyngitis | is inflammation or infection of the pharynx. Commonly referred to as a “sore throat,” it is often due to viral invasion. Bacterial infection by Strep-tococcus bacteria is termed “strep throat. |
| Laryngitis, | inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx, is character-ized by edema of the vocal folds, resulting in hoarseness (dysphonia) or loss of voice. Besides infections, inhalation of toxic or irritating fumes (e.g., smoking). |
| Tonsillitis | is inflammation of one or more of the masses of lymphatic tissue embedded in the mucous membrane of the pharynx. Most cases of tonsillitis result in inflammation and swelling of the palatine tonsils. |
| Acute bronchitis | is a common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree, most commonly caused by infection. Part of or preceded by an acute URI, it is most prevalent in winter. |
| Pulmonary ventilation | is a technical term for what most of us call breathing. One phase of it, inspiration, moves air into the lungs, and the other phase, expiration, moves air out of the lungs. |
| Hyperpnea | means increased breathing that is regulated to meet an increased demand by the body for oxygen. During hyperpnea, there is always an increase in pulmonary ventilation. |
| Dyspnea | refers to labored or difficult breathing and is often associated with hypoventilation. A person with dyspnea is aware, or conscious, of the breathing pattern and is generally uncomfortable and in distress. |
| Hyperventilation | is characterized by an increase in pulmonary ventilation in excess of the need for oxygen. It sometimes results from a conscious voluntary effort preceding exertion or from psychogenic factors (hysterical hyperventilation). |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) | is a periodic type of abnormal breathing often seen in terminally ill or brain-damaged patients. CSR is characterized by cycles of gradually increasing tidal volume for several breaths followed by several breaths with gradually decreasing tidal volume. |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | is a broad term used to describe conditions of progressive irreversible obstruction of expiratory airflow. People with COPD have chronic difficulties with breathing, mainly emptying their lungs, and have visibly hyperinflated chests. |
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