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Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy & Physiology: Cardiovascular Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood travels from the heart to the _______. | Arteries |
| Blood travels from the arteries to the _________. | Arterioles |
| Blood travels from the arterioles to the __________. | Capillaries |
| Blood travels from the capillaries to the __________. | Venules |
| Blood travels from the venules to the _________. | Veins |
| Blood travels from the veins back to the _________. | Heart |
| When blood is flowing through your tissues, it is called _________ circuit. | Systemic |
| When blood is flowing through your lungs, it is called __________ circuit. | Pulmonary |
| Do arteries leave the heart or go towards the heart? | Arteries leave the heart |
| Do veins leave the heart or go towards the heart? | Veins go toward the heart |
| Another name for the bicuspid valve? | Mitral |
| Medical name for heart attack? | Myocardial infarction |
| What percent of fetal blood is diverted? | Ninety-three percent |
| Which two branches does the aorta branch out to? | Right coronary artery and left coronary artery |
| How many atriums does the heart have? | Two atriums |
| How many ventricles does the heart have? | Two ventricles |
| What is the outermost layer of the heart? | Pericardium |
| What is the middle layer of the heart that contains the heart muscle? | Myocardium |
| What is the innermost layer that lines the heart? | Endocardium |
| What is another name for visceral pericardium that is intact with the pericardium? | Epicardium |
| R: What is the X:Y for the right atrium? | Vena cava: tricuspid valve |
| R: What is the X:Y for the tricuspid value? | Right atrium: right ventricle |
| R: What is the X:Y for the right ventricle? | Tricuspid valve: pulmonary value |
| R: What is the X:Y for the pulmonary valve? | Right ventricle: pulmonary arteries |
| R: What is the X:Y for the pulmonary arteries? | Pulmonary valve: lungs |
| L: What is the X:Y for the left atrium? | Pulmonary veins: mitral valve |
| L: What is the X:Y for the mitral valve? | Left atrium: left ventricle |
| L: What is the X:Y for the left ventricle? | Mitral valve: aortic valve |
| L: What is the X:Y for the aortic valve? | Left ventricle: aorta |
| What is it called when a chamber squeezes blood out? (contraction) | Systole |
| What is it called when a chamber is ready to receive blood? (relaxation) | Diastole |
| What is stroke volume * heart rate? | Cardiac output |
| What two branches does the right coronary artery branch into? | Marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery |
| What two branches does the left coronary artery branch into? | Anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery |
| The branches off of the right and left coronary arteries all go into ________? | Coronary sinus |
| Venous blood flow: flex legs | Contraction of leg muscles One way valves in long veins |
| Venous blood flow: breathe normally | Positive abdominal pressure Negative thoracic pressure |
| Venous blood flow: miscellaneous | One percent from left ventricular contraction Veno-constriction |
| Risk factors of myocardial infarction | Poor diet Genetics Poor exercise Smoking High cholesterol High blood pressure Obesity |
| What is hypoxia? | An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions |
| What are the symptoms of hypoxia? | Blurred vision/tunnel vision Air hunger Hot and cold flashes Euphoria Numbness Tingling Apprehension Nausea Dizziness Headache Fatigue Belligerence |
| The foramen ovale is closes in how much time? | Six months |
| What is the early structure of the foramen ovale? | Fossa ovalis |
| What is the X:Y for the foramen ovale? | Right atrium: left atrium |
| The ductus arteriosus closes in how much time? | One to two days |
| What is the early structure of the ductus arteriosus? | Ligamentum arteriosus |
| What is the X:Y for the ductus arteriosus? | Pulmonary artery: aorta |
| What are the upper two chambers of the heart called? | Atria |
| What are the lower two chambers of the heart called? | Ventricles |
| Name the first 5 branches of the aorta | Left coronary artery Right coronary artery Brachiocephalic artery Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery |
| Name the last 5 branches of the aorta | Phrenic artery Celiac artery Mesenteric artery Suprarenal artery Renal artery |
| Location of the phrenic artery | Diaphragm |
| What three branches does the celiac artery branch out into? | Hepatic artery Gastric artery Splenic artery |
| Location of the mesenteric artery | Intestines |
| Location of the suprarenal artery | Adrenal gland |
| Location of the renal artery | Kidneys |
| What does the P wave represent? | Atrial depolarization |
| What does the QRS wave represent? | Ventricular depolarization |
| What does the T wave represent? | Ventricular repolarization |
| Max theoretical heart rate | Two hundred twenty-Age |
| Slow heartbeat | Bradycardia |
| Rapid heartbeat | Tachycardia |
| Rapid, uncoordinated depolarization of the ventricles | Ventricular fibrillation |
| Abnormally rapid rate of atrial depolarization | Atrial flutter |
| What is another name for the S-A Node? | Pacemaker |
| Where is the location of the S-A Node? | Upper atria |
| What is the function of the S-A Node? | Starts a heartbeat |
| Where is the location of the atrial syncytium? | Atria |
| What is the function of the atrial syncytium? | Causes atria to beat together |
| Where is the location of the junctional fibers? | Atria |
| What is the function of the junctional fibers? | Thin; slow down the impulse so blood has a chance to fill the left and right ventricles |
| Where is the location A-V Node? | Lower atria |
| What is the function of the A-V Node? | To gather the impulse |
| Where is the location of the A-V Bundle? | Intraventricular septum |
| What is the function of the A-V Bundle? | Speeds the impulse towards apex of the heart |
| Where is the location of the bundle branches? | Intraventricular septum |
| What is the function of the bundle branches? | Divide the impulse to right and left ventricles |
| Where is the location of the Purkinjean fibers? | Ventricles |
| What is the function of the Purkinjean fibers? | To spread to all of myocardium |
| Where is the location of the ventricular syncytium? | Ventricles |
| What is the function of the ventricular syncytium? | Gets ventricles to beat together |
| What pumps blood to the lungs? | Right ventricle |
| What pumps blood to the rest of the body except the lungs? | Left ventricle |
| The left side of the heart has oxygen-rich blood or carbon dioxide? | Oxygen-rich blood |
| The right side of the heart has oxygen-rich blood or carbon dioxide? | Carbon dioxide |
| What is a heart murmur? | Sound of blood flowing abnormally through the heart |
| What does MVP stand for? | Mitral valve prolapse |
| What is a MVP? | Improper closure of the valve between the heart's upper and lower left chambers |
| What is stenosis? | Occurs when valve narrows and blood cannot flow normally |
| What does DVT stand for? | Deep vein thrombosis |
| What is a DVT? | A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs |
| What are the three types of DVTs? | Pulmonary embolism Myocardial infarction Embolic stroke |
| What is a pulmonary embolism? | A condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot |
| What is a myocardial infarction? | A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle |
| What is an embolic stroke? | A blockage of blood supply to part of the brain caused by a clot or debris (embolus) |
| What is pulmonary edema? | A condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs |
| What is tissue edema? | Excess fluid in your tissues |
| What separates the two chambers of the heart? | Intraventricular septum |
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