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anatomy final 1
chapters in first sem
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Anterior | towards the front |
Posterior | towards the back |
Lateral | towards the side |
Medial | towards the midline |
Viseral | pertaining to the organs |
Parietal | pertaining to the cavity |
Distal | farther from point of attachment |
Proximal | closer to point of attachment |
Dorsal | the back side |
Ventral | the front side |
Abdominopelvic Cavity | below the diaphragm, lower cavity in the torso |
Thoracic Cavity | above the diaphragm, upper cavity in the torso |
Cervical | neck |
Axillary | armpit |
Femoral | thigh |
Brachial | upper arm |
Cubital | elbow |
Antecubital | opposite of elbow |
Antebrachial | forearm |
Cephalic | head |
Pectoral | chest |
Lumbar | lower back |
Anatomical Position | front facing |
Homeostasis | a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly |
Negative Feedback | a case where outputs from a system are subsequently fed back into it, minimizing or reducing the effect of subsequent iterations |
Epithelial Tissue | covers and protects the outside of the body Squamous > flat cells, fast diffusion Cuboidal > cube shaped cells, filtering Columnar > pillar/ column shape, slow diffusion |
Connective Tissue | binds structures together, provides support and protein, fills spaces, produces blood, and stores fat. Loose > adipose Dense > tendons and ligaments Cartilage > hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage Bone > spongy and compact Blood > RBC, WBC, platelets |
Muscular Tissue | contractes and has stretchy movement, Skeletal > striated, multinucleate Smooth > not straited, single Cardiac > striated, in heart, single |
Nervous Tissue | conducts electrical impulses, create 'sensation', causes muscles to contract. Neurons > conducting cells of the brain and spinal cord and nerves Neuroglial > nerve glue, supports neurons |
Carcinoma | most common type of cancer of epithelial tissue |
Sarcoma | arise in muscle (striated), and connective tissue (bone, cartilage, ect) |
Leukemia | cancer of the reticular connective tissue (blood cancer) |
Melanoma | most dangerous type |
Mucous Membrane | an epithelial tissue which secretes mucus, and lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages. |
Serous Membrane | tissue which lines certain internal cavities of the body, forming a smooth, transparent, two-layered membrane lubricated by a fluid derived from serum. The peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura are serous membranes. |
Synovial Membrane | A layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae (fluid-filled sacs between tendons and bones). The synovial membrane makes synovial fluid, which has a lubricating function. |
Meninges | membranes found in the dorsal cavity and is a protective for your spinal cord and brain |
Cutaneous Membrane (skin) | outer covering of the body and is a thing layer |
Dermis | region of fibrous connective tissue, deeper and thicker layer then epidermis |
Epidermis | outer, thinner region of skin made up of straited squamous epithelium divided into 2 main layers |
Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) | sends impulses to and from accessory structures in the skin |
eccrine gland | open into the surface of the skin. active when someone is hot |
apocrine glands | open into hair follicles in the groin and armpit. active under stress |
sebaceous glands | a small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair. |
hair | found on all body parts expect palms, soles, lips, nipples, and parts of external reproductive organs |
arrector pili muscle | a smooth muscle attaching to the follicle in such a way that contraction causes hair to stand on end |