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Muscular System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fascia | Sheet of dense connective tissue that separates individual muscles and helps hold them in position |
| Epimysium | Sheath of connective tissue, deep to the fascia, surrounding a skeletal muscle |
| Perimysium | Sheath of connective tissue that encloses a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers (encloses a fascicle) |
| Fasciciles | Small bundle of skeletal muscle fibers; also called a fasciculus |
| Aponeurosis | Sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone, skin, or to the coverings of adjacent muscles |
| Myofibers | Contractile fiber in striated muscle cells |
| Myosin | Protein in a muscle fiber that forms the thick filaments that pull on the thin filaments of the protein actin, contracting muscle fibers |
| Actin | Protein in a muscle fiber that forms the thin filaments that slide between thick filaments of the protein myosin, contracting muscle fibers |
| Sarcomere | Structural unit of a myofibril and the functional unit of muscle contraction |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | Membranous network of channels and tubules within a muscle fiber, corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum of other cells |
| Transverse Tubules | Any of several membranous channels that extend deep into the cell from a muscle fiber membrane |
| Cisterna | Enlarged portion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum near the actin and myosin filaments of a striated muscle fiber |
| Synapse | Functional connection between the axon terminal of a neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron or the membrane of another cell type |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemical that an axon secretes at a synapse that stimulates or inhibits an effector (muscle or gland) or other neuron |
| Neuromuscular Junction | Synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber |
| Motor End Plate | Specialized part of a muscle fiber membrane at a neuromuscular junction |
| Synaptic Cleft | A narrow extracellular space between two cells at a synapse |
| Endomysium | Sheath of connective tissue surrounding each skeletal muscle fiber |
| Motor Neurons | Neuron that conducts impulses from the central nervous system to an effector |
| Sliding Filament Model | |
| ATPase | Enzyme that transfers the energy stored in the terminal phosphate bonds of ATP molecules so it can be used by the cell |
| Acetylcholine | Type of neurotransmitter, which is a chemical secreted into the synaptic clefts at the axon ends of neurons |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine |
| Creatine Phosphate | Molecule in muscle that stores energy |
| Hemoglobin | Oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells |
| Myoglobin | Oxygen-storing protein in muscle tissue |
| Lactic Acid | Organic compound formed from pyruvic acid in the anaerobic pathway of cellular respiration |
| Oxygen Debt | The amount of oxygen that liver cells require plus the amount muscle cells require to restore ATP and creatine phosphate to their original concentrations and to return blood and tissue oxygen levels to normal |
Created by:
Malia.grace08
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