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Infratemporal fossa, oral cavity, mastication
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Where is the temporal fossa? | Space usually occupied by temporalis muscle -> deep to superior half of mandibular ramus |
| What are the temporal fossa boundaries? | Roof -> greater wing of sphenoid, medial wall -> lat pterygoid plate/maxilla, anterior wall -> posterior maxilla/IOF, posterior wall -> carotid sheath |
| What are the muscles in the temporal fossa? | Sup/inf heads of lateral pterygoid (horizontal fibres), sup/deep heads of medial pterytoid (vertical fibres), buccinator (pierced by parotid gland duct) |
| What nerves are in the temporal fossa? | Vc (foramen ovale) lingual nerve anteriorly (joined by chorda tympani/inf alveolar nerve), otic ganglion immediately inferior to foramen ovale |
| What vessels are in the temporal fossa? | Maxillary artery (ECA), pterygoid venous plexus (cavernous sinus/maxillary vein -> EJV) |
| Where is the pterygopalatine fossa? | Deep to infratemporal fossa -> connected via pterygomaxillary fissure, immediately posterior to maxilla (small pyramidal shaped space) |
| What nerves are in the pterygopalatine fossa? | Vb (foramen rotundum), pterygopalatine ganglion (nerve root suspension from Vb) |
| What vessels are in the pterygopalatine fossa? | Terminal 1/3 of maxillary artery |
| What forms the lateral and posterior wall of the oral cavity? | Lateral -> buccinator (continuous w/ superior constrictor at pterygomandibular raphe), posterior -> palatoglossus/palatopharyngeus muscles (palatine tonsils btwn both) |
| What is the tongue anatomy? | Oral part (ant 2/3), pharyngeal part (post 1/3) -> separated by circumvallate papillae and sulcus terminalis (w/ foramen caecum), central sulcus divides bilateral innervation of tongue, myoblasts derived from |
| What is the anatomy of the oral part of the tongue? | Fungiform papillae w/ taste buds at base surrounded by filiform papillae -> velvety appearance, taste sensation via chorda tympani (CN VII), general sensation via lingual nerve (CN Vc) -> 1st pharyngeal arch mucosa |
| What is the anatomy of the pharyngeal part of the tongue? | Taste buds, nodular appearance due to underlying lingual tonsils, taste and general sensation via CN IX (pharyngeal arches 3/4) -> CN X superior laryngeal nerve mediates epiglottic valleculae |
| What are the muscles of the tongue? | Intrinsic -> longitudinal, transverse, vertical fibres (change tongue shape), extrinsic -> genioglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus (change tongue position) |
| What are the functions of the extrinsic tongue muscles? | Genioglossus -> tongue protrusion (CN XII palsy), palatoglossus -> palate depression, styloglossus -> tongue retraction/elevation, hyoglossus -> tongue retraction/depression |
| What forms the inferior wall of the oral cavity? | Mylohyoid muscles (inner mandible -> hyoid bone/midline raphe) -> form muscular sling w/ free posterior border |
| Where is the oral vestibule? | Anterior to teeth/gums |
| What and where are the salivary glands? | Sublingual gland -> superior to mylohyoid/inner mandible surface inferior to tongue, submandibular gland -> superior to digastric muscles, superficial/deep lobes separated by mylohyoid, parotid gland -> anterior to ears |
| What secretion is the sublingual gland? | Mucus secretion -> small short ducts into oral cavity floor |
| What secretion is the submandibular gland? | Serous/mucus secretion -> Wharton's duct from deep lobe opens onto papilla beside lingual frenulum |
| What secretion is the parotid gland? | Serous secretion -> Stensen's duct leaves anterior edge of parotid gland -> crosses masseter -> pierce buccinator -> enters oral cavity opposite upper 2nd molar tooth |
| What is the clinical significance of submandibular gland innervation? | Lingual nerve passes superiorly over deep part of gland (tongue sensation), deep lingual vein/CN XII pass inferiorly to deep part (tongue motor innervation), Wharton's duct crossed twice by lingual nerve, marginal mandibular nerve (VII - mouth muscles) |
| What is a clinical condition for salivary glands? | Calculi (stones - sialolithiasis) from dehydration/chemotherapy -> block salivary flow mainly in Wharton's duct -> pain/swelling -> infection -> X-ray -> spontaneous expulsion/shock wave therapy -> surgical removal (sialectomy) |
| What is the clinical significance of parotid gland innervation? | Lateral -> auriculotemporal nerve (recovery fusion w/ sweat glands -> gustatory sweating - Frey's syndrome), facial nerve (facial expression), retromandibular vein (EJV), ECA, maxillary artery (middle meningeal for dura mater/periosteum/CN V ganglion) |
| What is a clinical condition for parotid gland? | Mumps -> viral infection of paramyxovirus (infected saliva/urine) -> large swelling -> parotitis (swelling w/in fibrous capsule) -> increased levels of salivary amylase detected in plasma |
| What is the anatomy of the palate? | Forms the roof of the oral cavity (maxilla alveolar plate) -> divided into ant hard palate (maxilla palatine process/horizontal plate of palatine bone) and post soft palate (5 muscles changing shape of palate) |
| What is the function of the soft palate muscles? | Palatoglossus -> elevate post tongue aiding swallowing, palatopharyngeus -> elevate pharynx aiding bolus descent, tensor veli palatini -> tense soft palate, levator palati -> elevate soft palate, musculus uvulae -> stiffen uvula closing nasopharynx) |
| Palatoglossus attachment/innervation? | Soft palate palatine aponeurosis -> lateral tongue, CN X (only tongue muscle not CN XII innervated) |
| Palatopharyngeus attachment/innervation? | Soft palate palatine aponeurosis -> joins stylopharyngeus into posterior border of thyroid cartilage, CN X (pharyngeal plexus) |
| Tensor veli palatini attachment/innervation? | Medial pterygoid -> pterygoid hamulus -> palatine aponeurosis, CN Vc nerve to medial pterygoid |
| Levator veli palatini attachment/innervation? | Petrous temporal bone -> palatine velum, CN X pharyngeal plexus |
| What is the nature of the temporomandibular joint? | Synovial condyloid joint w/ intra-articular fibrocartilaginous disc (hyaline cartilage) |
| Where and what is the function of the temporomandibular joint? | Mandible head/inferior temporal bone articular tubercle -> provides smooth surface to spread out forces through joint and provides a more stable joint w/ strong muscles |
| What are the muscles of mastication? | Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, digastric/infrahyoid muscules |
| Masster attachment/function? | Maxillary zygomatic process -> deep to parotid duct -> lateral external ramus/mandibular angle -> elevates mandible |
| Temporalis attachment/function? | Inferior temporal fossa -> fibres twist (ant inserts posteriorly) -> coronoid process/ant mandibular ramus -> ant fibres elevates mandible, post fibres retract mandible (ant insertion) |
| Medial pterygoid attachment/function? | Pterygoid fossa on lateral pterygoid plate -> medial internal ramus/mandibular angle -> vertical fibres -> elevates mandible -> lateral deviation when chewing w/ mouth closed |
| Lateral pterygoid attachment/function? | Superior head -> infratemporal sphenoidal fossa -> TMJ articular capsule/disc, inferior head -> lateral pterygoid plate -> pterygoid fovea on mandible neck -> horizontal fibres -> mandible protrusion |
| Digastric muscle attachment function? | Hyoid bone -> ant belly -> fibrous tendon -> post belly -> mastoid process -> mandible depression |
| What is a clinical condition for the temporomandibular joint> | Bruxism -> grinding teeth at night due to stress -> wear lines on teeth -> severe morning headaches -> tired/fatigued jaw |
Created by:
vykleung
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