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Jennie Liebermann
Anatomy FINAL practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface? | Superficial |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: | coronal. |
| f your reference point is “farthest from the trunk of the body” versus “nearest to the trunk of the body,” where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? | Proximal |
| An x-ray technician has been asked to make x-ray films of the liver. Which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included? | Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac |
| A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the _____ region. | right hypochondriac |
| Two major cavities of the human body are: | ventral/dorsal. |
| The reproductive system includes all of the following except the: | ureter |
| The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: | heart. lungs too |
| Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n): | organ. |
| 10 Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life? | Balance |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | 2 |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. | 12; 13; 10 |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: | catabolism. anabolism. ATP requirements |
| Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? | Zinc |
| AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. | exchange |
| Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element? | Helium |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons |
| Which of the following represents properties of water? | High specific heat High heat of vaporization Strong polarity |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. | neutrons |
| 20 The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | Decomposition |
| The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the: | phospholipid bilayer |
| Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted? | Golgi apparatus |
| Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called: | cilia |
| Main cell structures include all of the following except: | interstitial fluid. (organelles. plasma membrane. cytoplasm.) |
| Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function? | Cell division |
| Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins? | Acting as receptors Signal transduction Identification of “self” |
| The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center. | centrosome |
| Granules or threads within the nucleus are called: | chromatin. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | Provides a site for ribosome attachment |
| 30 Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells? | Immune cells |
| Which of the following contains intercalated disks? | cardiac muscle |
| Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant? | collagen |
| The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer. | reticular |
| Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? | stratum corneum BSGLC |
| The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called | keratin |
| The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and | epidermis. |
| The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called | extracellular matrix. |
| Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the | arrector pili muscle. |
| Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue? | cardiac (epithelial nervous connective muscle r 4 types) |
| 40 A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called | mucus |
| The main shaft-like portion of a long bone is the | diaphysis. |
| Which of the following is a facial bone? | zygomatic bone |
| What structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched positions? | ligaments and tendons |
| Which of the following is not a bone in the leg? | mandible |
| Fibrocartilage can be found in the | symphysis pubis |
| _____ fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage. | Collagenous |
| The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | pubic symphysis. |
| Anteriorly, each rib of the first seven pairs attaches to the | sternum. |
| Which of the following is not a type of bone? | regular |
| The very small bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone is the | lacrimal. |
| Which letter indicates the space where microscopic blood vessels and nerves pass through the center of the osteon? | a |
| The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. | spiral |
| When an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group, the injury is on the: | posterior thigh. |
| The muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the: | brachioradialis. |
| The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Which of the following is true? | The knee is acting as a fulcrum. |
| Which of the following body systems assists the muscles in maintaining posture? | Digestive Endocrine Excretory All of the above |
| Another name for a sphincter muscle is a _____ muscle. | circular |
| The muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the: | trapezius |
| The covering of individual muscle fibers is the: | endomysium |
| 60 The muscle(s) assisting in rotating the arm outward is (are) the: | teres minor. |
| Muscles located on the lower leg move the: | foot. |
| The nervous system can be divided: | The nervous system can be divided: Group of answer choices according to its structure. according to direction of information flow. by control of effectors. in all of the above ways. |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: | cell bodies |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: | dendrite, cell body, and axon. |
| One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is: | astrocytes |
| Which is true of a reflex arc? | It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron. |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? | Dopamine |
| Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have: | a neurilemma |
| In the human nervous system: | there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. |
| 70 Most unipolar neurons are usually: | sensory neurons. |
| Interneurons reside in the: | CNS only. |
| The phrenic nerve is found in the _____ plexus. | cervical |
| “Fight-or-flight” physiological changes include all of the following except: | constriction of respiratory airways. |
| The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs. | 31 |
| Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm? | Brachial |
| All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. | False |
| Which of the following might occur from the stimulation of parasympathetic fibers? | Increased peristalsis in the digestive tract |
| There are _____ ventricles in the brain. | 4 |
| The innermost layer of the meninges is the: | pia mater |
| 80 Spinal nerves are _____ fibers. | motor and sensory |
| Which of the following is not a plexus of the spinal nerves? | Thoracic |
| Identify the letter that indicates the portion of the fibrous layer known as the sclera. | a |
| Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate. | thyroid |
| Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months? | the thyroid |
| The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as | infundibulum. |
| Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children. | calcitonin |
| Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye. | vitreous humor |
| Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti? | The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed. |
| Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except | on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue. |
| 90 Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. | beta cells |
| Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| The hormone produced by the heart | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine. |
| Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function. | glucocorticoids |
| Cardiac output is determined by | stroke volume and heart rate |
| Identify the letter that indicates the subendothelial layer associated with larger blood vessels. | b |
| he heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the | pericardium |
| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation. | systemic |
| During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein? | It flows into the inferior vena cava. |
| After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | left atrium |
| 100 A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | leukopenia |
| The _____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot | great saphenous vein |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis. |
| From which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood? | coronary arteries |
| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | capillaries |
| Which sphincters function as regulatory valves that reduce the flow of blood through a network of capillaries when they contract and constrict the arterioles? | precapillary sphincters |
| Identify the letter that indicates collagen fibers that anchor lymphatic capillaries to surrounding connective tissue. | d |
| Identify the letter that indicates inguinal lymph nodes that filter lymph from the lower limbs. | e |
| Pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of | prostaglandins |
| Which organ has several functions, including defense, hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, and blood reservoir? | spleen |
| 110 Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in | cytolysis. |
| Lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines are called | lacteals. |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte. |
| The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are | fluid balance and immunity. |
| _____ refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens. | Species resistance |
| The _____ postulates that when an antigen enters the body, it selects the clone whose cells are committed to synthesizing its specific antibody and stimulates these cells to proliferate and to thereby produce more antibodies. | clonal selection theory |
| The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form | effector T cells and memory cells. |
| The functions of the lymph nodes are | defense and hematopoiesis |
| The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the: | epiglottis |
| The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the | cricoid cartilage |
| 120 The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm. | 11 |
| The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as: | nostrils. anterior nares. external nares. all |
| The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the: | oropharynx |
| Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the | alveoli. |
| Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | They serve in voice production. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx? | Determines the quality of the voice |
| The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the: | septum |
| The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the: | maxillary |
| Microvilli can be found in the | small intestine. and large intestine. |
| Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest? | Ileum |
| 130 The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the | hepatic flexure |
| The most essential part of bile is: | bile salts. |
| he proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is: | ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid |
| The hard palate consists of portions of | four bones: two maxillae and two palatines |
| The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the: | uvula |
| The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is _____ epithelium | simple columnar |
| Which of the following papillae of the tongue lack taste buds? | Filiform |
| The more common term for deglutition is: | swallowing. |
| Substances travel from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule by the process of | filtration. |
| A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause the filtration rate to: | decrease |
| 140 Which of these statements is not true of the kidney? | All of the above are true of the kidney. The kidney is usually located next to the vertebrae from T12 to L3. The kidney is retroperitoneal. The kidney is protected by a heavy layer of fat. |
| One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is the male urethra is: | part of two different body systems |
| Which of the following ions is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules? | Sodium |
| Under normal conditions, most nutrients are reabsorbed in which portion of the nephron? | Proximal tubule PCT |
| ADH has the greatest effect on the reabsorption of water in the: | distal tubule |
| In the kidney, blood flows from the interlobular artery into the: | afferent arteriole |
| The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the | renal pelvis. |
| Which structure of the kidney narrows as it exits the kidney to become the ureter? | Renal pelvis (hilium???) |
| Identify the letter that indicates the gland that secretes lubricating mucus into the vaginal orifice. | c |
| Identify the letter that indicates the female erectile tissue that is homologous to the penis. | e |
| 150 Which of the following is not an effect of testosterone? | Promotes lengthening of long bones |
| In the male reproductive system, the essential organs of reproduction are called: | testes |
| The final stage in the process of ovarian follicle development is the: | corpus albicans |
| The tube connecting the ovaries to the uterus is called the: | uterine tubes. oviducts. fallopian tubes. |
| Which of the following hormones causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts, making it accessible for the infant? | Oxytocin |
| The urethral orifice is _____ to the vagina opening | anterior |
| The fundus of the uterus is the: | area above where the tubes enter |
| The tightly coiled tube of the epididymis measures _____ feet in length. | 20 |
| Which letter indicates the umbilical region? | b |
| Which letter indicates the popliteal region? | e |
| Which letter indicates the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | c |
| Which letter indicates the plasma membrane? | b |
| Which letter indicates the plasma membrane? | e |
| Which letter indicates projections from the dermis that reduce blister formation? | e |
| Which letter indicates a cellular junction that prevents molecules from passing between epithelial cells? | a |
| Which letter indicates cells that produce melanin in the hair root? | d |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Linea alba. | b |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Masseter. | e |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Orbicularis oris. | d |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Deltoid. | b |
| 170 Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron with a name that means "little hill." | b |
| Identify the letter that indicates a Schwann cell. | c |
| Identify which diagram represents a cell that produces a myelin sheath in the central nervous system. | e |
| Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex, Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex, which receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye? | e |
| Which letter indicates a tactile corpuscle (Meissner's corpuscle) that is responsive to light pressure? | b |
| Which letter indicates the celiac ganglion and plexus? | c |
| Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is important in equalizing air pressure on both sides of the eardrum | e |
| Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate. | b |
| dentify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes corticosteroids. | d |
| Identify the letter that indicates an organ that secretes hormones controlling blood sugar levels. | e |
| Identify the letter that indicates the hypophysis. | a |
| 181 Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that is packed with molecules of hemoglobin | a |
| Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery | a |
| Identify the letter that indicates the layer common to all blood vessels regardless of their size. | a |
| Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents lymphocytes. | d |
| Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae, composed of cells from the myocardium | b |
| Identify the letter that indicates collagen fibers that anchor lymphatic capillaries to surrounding connective tissue. | d |
| Identify the letter that indicates lymph nodes that direct lymph fluid to the jugular trunks. | b |
| Identify the letter that indicates structures that assist in filtering, heating, and humidifying inspired air. | a |
| Identify the letter that indicates Ciliated cells in this layer transport mucus laden with dust, bacteria, pollen, and viruses towards the pharynx. | c |
| 190 Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that has a laryngeal prominence that is also known as the "Adam's apple | d |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cardia of the stomach. | a |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cystic duct. | c |
| dentify the letter that indicates the root canal. | e |
| Identify the letter that indicates the major calyx. | e |
| Identify the letter that indicates the vasa recta. | e |
| Identify the letter that indicates the region of the nephron with receptors sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). | c |
| Identify the letter that indicates the efferent arteriole. | a |
| Identify the letter that indicates the site of sperm maturation and storage. | c |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cervix. | e |
| Identify the letter that indicates the gland that secretes lubricating mucus into the vaginal orifice. | c |
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