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Exam3-4 A & P
Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the function of the hydrochloric acid secreted in the stomach? | begin protein digestion and destroy pathogens that may have entered with the food |
| the double fold of peritoneum that supports most of the small intestine via its attachment to the posterior side of the abdominal cavity is called the: | mesentery |
| although most forms of manual therapy generally have a limited impact on the digestive system, which forms have been demonstrated to stimulate the most measurable changes in organ or system functions? | zone and meridian therapies |
| what is the function of the uvula? | prevents food from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing |
| what is the name of the valve between the small and large intestine? | ileocecal |
| what is the name of the short segment of the colon between the anus and descending colon? | sigmoid |
| what is the definition of basal metabolic rate, or BMR? | baseline amount of energy needed by the body to support basic life functions |
| what are the functions of the large intestine? | absorption of water and Elimination |
| where does the process of peristalsis begin? | esophagus |
| swallowing, segmentation, and peristalsis are all different types of which digestive process? | mechanical digestion |
| summarize the functions of the digestive system? | provide nutrients for cellular metabolism, assist in regulation of body temperature, and elimination of solid wastes |
| which organ secretes the digestive enzymes amylase, lipase, and trypsin? | pancreas |
| what is the best reason for manual therapists to study the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system? | abdominal visceral are common sources of referred pain |
| The six individual processes of the digestive system are ingestion, digestion, motility, elimination,________ and ________ | secretion and absorption |
| what is the other anatomic term for the serosa layer of the GI tract? | visceral peritoneum |
| how are amino acids most often used in the digestive system? | production of hormones, enzymes, and plasma proteins |
| what happens to the amino acids that are not used for daily anabolic activities? | converted into glucose and triglycerides, or transports to the liver for catabolism |
| what are the primary fat-soluble vitamins? | A, D, K, E |
| what is the anatomic name for the intersection between the ascending and transverse colon? | hepatic flexure |
| what is the name of the straight distal portion of the colon just proximal to the anus? | rectum |
| what is the function of the enteric nervous system? | regulation of digestive secretions and motility |
| what digestive process is described as the mixing and forward movement of substances through the GI tract? | motility |
| the gallbladder, pancreas, and liver are all accessory organs of the digestive system? (T/F) | true |
| common age-related changes in digestive processes include: | decreased secretion and motility |
| secretion of protein digestive enzymes is NOT a function of the liver? | secretion of protein digestive enzymes |
| what term is used for the chewed-up mixture of food and saliva that is swallowed? | bolus |
| the organs of the gastrointestinal tract are involved in the transportation and processing of food. (T/F) | true |
| the "brain of the gut" formed by a group of intrinsic neurons in the digestive organs and tissues is called the: | extrinsic nervous system |
| which nutrient is generally the body's last choice for producing energy? | proteins |
| definition of pancreatic juice? | alkaline fluid mixture that transports digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the small intestine |
| the outermost layer of the GI tract is the serosa. (T/F) | true |
| what is the innermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract? | mucosa |
| the digestive system's function of secretion is carried out by the lining of the gastrointestinal tract and the: | accessory organs of the system |
| the first section of the small intestine is the: | duodenum |
| what digestive chemical breaks large fat globules into smaller chunks so other enzymes can complete fat digestion? | chyle |
| Which digestive process is when food is broken down into usable molecules | Digestion |
| What is another term for the digestive process of elimination | defecation |
| Which digestive organs are located in the upper right quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity | liver and gallbladder |
| The outer most layer of the gastrointestinal tract is the serosa, also known as the | peritoneum |
| Where does the chemical digestion of starch begin | Mouth |
| Which accessory organ to digestion | salivary glands |
| Where does the chemical digestion of protein begin | Stomach |
| Which two organs are retroperitoneal | Pancreas and duodenum |
| What is the function of the greater omentum | Insulate and cushion the abdominopelvic cavity |
| What is the name for the point of intersection between the transverse and descending colon | Splenic Flexure |
| Digestion of fats result in the production of what absorbable molecule | Triglycerides |
| What is the function of the lacteals | Absorb fats from the small intestine |
| The majority of the digestion and absorption occurs in which organ | Small Intestine |
| What process builds actin, myocin, and collagen | Anabolism of amino acids |
| What is not part of the digestive juice secreted by the pancreas | Secretin |
| A function of the liver is secretion of protein digestive enzymes. T/F | False |
| Proximal to distal: structures of the digestive tract | Esophagus-Lower esophageal valve-Stomach-Pyloric Valve-Small Intestine-Ileocecal Valve-Colon-Anus |
| What triggers an inflammatory response in people with celiac disease | Gliadin |
| Esophageal cancer at the proximal end of the esophagus is usually connected to | Smoking |
| Most people with hiatal hernia also have | Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| Which condition involves NO structural changes to the gastrointestinal tract | Irritable bowel disease |
| What is most efficiently spread through oral-fecal contamination and least long term consequences | Hepatitis A |
| What can be spread through touching tooth brushes and effects about 5% adult at risk for long-term liver disease | Hepatitis B |
| 75% of untreated patients develop a chronic infection, 5% are at risk of long-term liver disease and No vaccine has been developed | Hepatitis C |
| Liver cancer is almost always seen along with | Cirrhosis |
| Chronic pancreatitis is usually related to | Alcohol abuse |
| Candidiasis is and overgrowth of | Fungi |
| Baseline energy needed by the body to support basic life functions | BMR |
| Organ that secretes bile, stores fats and sugar as energy resources, and filters out toxins from blood | Liver |
| The process of chewing | Mastication |
| The longest segment of the large intestine | Colon |
| Assimilation of nutrients through the digestive tract into the blood | Absorption |
| Enzyme the digests starch | Amylase |
| Mechanical digestive process that mixes and churns chyme in the SI | Segmentation |
| Circular folds in the lining of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption | Plicae |
| Lower portion of the stomach | Pylorus |
| A fat emulsifier produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder | Bile |
| The upper portion of an organ such as the stomach | Fundus |
| Synonym for the visceral peritoneum | Serosa |
| Smooth muscle ring that controls the flow of substances through or out of the GI Tract | Sphincter |
| Large fatty extension (apron) of the peritoneum | Greater Omentum |
| Wave-like muscular contraction that propels food through the GI Tract | Peristalisis |
| Specialized folds in the lining of the stomach that allows it to distend | Rugae |
| The action of HCI in the stomach is considered an example of this type of digestion | Chemical |
Created by:
JML19
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