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Kylee Llewellyn
Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscles that move the forearm include which of the following? | brachioradialis pronator teres biceps brachii |
| The long axes of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle is a description of this type of fascicle arrangement | Parallell |
| The muscle fascicle arrangement for Orbicularis oris is best characterized as | circular |
| The innermost muscle of the abdominal wall is the | Transverse abdominis |
| The term ____ is used to describe a muscle that directly performs a specific movement | Agonist |
| The muscle that helps hold the scapula against the thorax and is useful in pushing or punching movement is the | Serratus anterior |
| The individual muscle fibers are covered by a connective tissue membrane called the | Endomysium |
| the muscles that more the wrist, hand and fingers can be | Intrinsic but not extrinsic |
| The common tendon of the gastrocnemius and the soleus is called the | Calcaneal tendon |
| In addition to the pectoralis major, another muscle that has this pattern of fascicle arrangement is latissimus dorsi | convergent |
| The Sartorius muscle, a thin straplike muscle would have muscle fascicles arranged in | Parallel |
| The biceps brachii has this fascicle arrangement, which maximizes the range of motion possible. | Parallel |
| The continuous low level of sustained contraction maintained by all skeletal muscles is muscle | tone |
| The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle and is outside the epimysium and tendon is called the | Fascia |
| A muscle with fascicles that insert into only one side of the tendon is categorized as | unipennate |
| An example of a muscle with this type of fascicle arrangement is the orbicularis oris. | Cicular |
| This arrangement of muscle fascicles tends to be triangular in shape. The Pectoralis major is an example of a muscle with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement. | convergent |
| The point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts is the | origin |
| Muscles with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement are either fusiform or straplike in appearance. | parallel |
| A muscle with fascicles that insert into the tendon from both sidesis categorized as | bipennate |
| What is the powerhouse of the cell? | Mitochondria |
| What is the brain of the cell? | The nucleus |
| What bones make up the upper part of the arm? | Humerous |
| What bones are on the lower part of the arm? | Unla and radius |
| What is the main shaft-like Portion of a long bone? | Diaphysis |
| Two bones that form the framework of the forearm are the | Radius and ulna |
| which of the following is a bone in the axial skeleton? | Vertebra |
| The human skeleton system consists of two divisions, what are they? | Axial and Appendicular |
| Anteriorly, each rib of the first seven pairs attaches to the | sternum |
| which two bones join to form the posterior part of the hard palate | palatine |
| Which two bones make up the shoulder girdle? | Clavicle and scapula |
| what structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched positions? | Ligaments and tendons. |
| Why are the last two pairs of ribs floating ribs? | Theyre not attached to the sternum |
| what is the most common type of cartilage? | hyaline |
| what is the longest and heaviest bone in the human body? | Femur |
| what bones make up the appendicular skeleton? | arm bones, leg bones, hands, pelvis, shoulders, feet |
| The extracellular components of bone matrix are | Hard and calcified |
| Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called | Myeloid tissue |
| What are the types of bones? | flat, irregular, short, long |
| Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist? | Carpals |
| The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the | Hyoid |
| Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand, the _____ metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones. | Thumb |
| _______ fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage | Collagenous |
| The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the | Patella (knee bone) |
| The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the | Sternum |
| Which bone serves as the keystone in the architecture of the cranium? | Sphenoid |
| Cartilage is classified as a | Connective Tissue |
| The very small bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone is the | Lacrimal |
| If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with a subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a | Female |
| The vertebral bones that support the small (lower section) of the back are the | lumbar vertebrae |
| Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? | Fontanels |
| The union of basal and fibroreticular laminae forms the | Basement Membrane |
| Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules? | simple cuboidal epithelium |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is | Connective |
| The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer. | Reticlar |
| What is an example of a serous membrane? | Pleura, Peritoneum, Pericardium |
| The _____ junction “glues” the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis. | Dermoepidermal |
| Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a | Matrix |
| What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? | Stratum corneum |
| were are osteocytes found? | Bone |
| What is a type of principal tissue? | Epithelial, Nervous, Connective, and muscle |
| The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called | Keratin |
| The two major categories of the body membranes are | Epithelial and connective tissue |
| Which of the following contains intercalated disks? | cardiac Muscle |
| Around the sixth month of pregnancy, the developing fetus is almost entirely covered by a fine soft hair coat called the | Lanugo |
| What is the external Ear make of? | elastic cartilage |
| what can all glands of the body be classified as? | exocrine or endocrine |
| The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called | Extracellular matrix |
| A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called | Mucus |
| What is the conducting unit of the nerve cell? | Neron |
| Besides water, extracellular matrix contains | Proteins and proteoglycans |
| Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the | Epidermis |
| Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant? | Collagen |
| The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and | Epidermis |
| Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the | arrector pili muscle. |
| The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the __________ glands. | sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous |
| Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities? | Epithelial |
| adipose tissue is | a fatty storage tissue |
| The structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body is the | Hypodermis |
| The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes. | Synovial |
| The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is | Fibrocartilage |
| Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell? | Proteasomes |
| DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? | Nucleus |
| The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae? | Mitochondrion |
| Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called: | Caveolae |
| Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by: | desmosomes |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the: | Glycoprotein molecules |
| The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the: | Lysomes |
| What are the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | Makes steroid hormones, supplies membrane for use throughout the cell, makes glycoproteins |
| The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily? | Cholesterol |
| The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center. | centrosome |
| The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: | plasma membrane. |
| Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are | cilla |
| Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted? | Golgi apparatus |
| The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are: | Ribosomes and perixisomes |
| The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called: | Microvilli |
| The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the: | phospholipid bilayer. |
| Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus? | Lysosomes |
| The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called: | Microvilli |
| The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the: | Peroxisomes |
| ATP production occurs within which organelle? | Mitochondrion |
| A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read: | microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments. |
| Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function? | Cell division |
| A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the: | Flagellum |
| The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: | female sex cell or ovum. |
| The fundamental organizational unit of life is the: | Cell |
| Granules or threads within the nucleus are called: | Chromatin |
| Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow? | Primary Cillum |
| Which type of cells recognize and destroy Non self cells? | Immune cells |
| This membranous organelle contains oxidase and catalase enzymes. | peroxisome |
| This organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases. | lysosome |
| This organelle primarily modifies products from the rough ER, and it resembles a stack of hollow saucers, one cupped inside the next. | Golgi apparatus |
| This membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell. | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| This organelle is characterized by folded membranes called cristae. | Mitochondria |
| This organelle has both a cis and a trans face. | Golgi apparatus |
| Which type of junction is formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other? | Gap junction |
| The inside of the cell is composed largely of a gel-like substance called | cytoplasm |
| Of the following, the only organelle that has a double membrane structure is the | mitochondrion. |
| This organelle is numerous in liver and kidney cells. | peroxisome |
| The tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of a presynaptic neuron's axon is called a | synaptic knob |
| The action potential seems to "leap" from node to node along a myelinated fiber. This type of impulse regeneration is called. | Saltatory |
| the difference between sodium and potassium in the generation of action potential is that | Sodium causes depolarization of the cell membrane. and potassium causes repolarization of the cell membrane |
| The active transport mechanism in the plasma membrane that transports sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions and at different rates is the | sodium potassium pump |
| In a myelinated neuron, the impulse can travel under the myelin between nodes of what? | Ranvier |
| A neurologist is using a voltmeter to measure potential. The membrane potential of a neuron was recorded at +30 mV. This is what type of membrane potential? | Action |
| The speed of a nerve impulse depends on the neuron’s resting potential. True or false? | False. It depends on the nerve conduction velocity. |
| The brief period during which a local area of an axon's membrane resists re-stimulation is called the __________ period. | Refectory |
| There are two types of synapses—the electrical synapse and the __________ synapse. | Chemical |
| Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (below the usual RMP) is called | Hyperpolarization |
| The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a membrane is called the membrane potential. | This is true |
| A synapse can occur only between an axon and: | A cell body, a dendrite, and another axon |
| When neurotransmitters from synaptic knobs stimulate a postsynaptic neuron in rapid succession, their effect can add up over a brief period to produce an action potential. This is called | Temporal summation |
| Which membrane receptor acts to directly change ion permeability when stimulated? | Gated-channel receptor |
| The magnitude of the action potential peaks when the sodium channels close. | True |
| Neurons are the only living cells that maintain a difference in the concentration of ions across their membranes. | False |
| In a myelinated fiber, the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next. | True |
| When a neuron is resting, the inner surface of its plasma membrane is slightly positive compared with its outer surface. | False |
| Whether an impulse is continued through the neuron depends on the magnitude of the voltage in the axon hillock. | True |
| A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be | Polarized |
| What mechanism quickly terminates the action of a neurotransmitter once it binds to its postsynaptic receptor? | Neurotransmitter molecules are transported back into synaptic knobs. Neurotransmitter molecules are transported into nearby glial cells. Neurotransmitter molecules are metabolized into inactive compounds. |
| If the threshold potential is surpassed, is the full peak of the action potential is always reached? | Yes |
| An ion channel that opens in response to a sensory stimulus is a(n) | stimulus-gated channel. |
| In depolarization the membrane potential moves toward zero, whereas in hyperpolarization the membrane potential moves away from zero. true or false? | True |
| Which chemicals allow neurons to communicate with one another? | Neurotransmitters |
| The membrane potential maintained by a nonconducting neuron’s plasma membrane is called the _____ membrane potential. | Resting |
| A term commonly used as a synonym for action potential is | Nerve impulse |
| A term commonly used as a synonym for action potential is | Threshold potential |
| The mechanisms that produce and maintain the resting membrane potential do so by producing a | slight excess of positive ions on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. |
| What always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron? | Reflex arc |
| The effect on the sympathetic stimulation on the urinary bladder is | Relaxation |
| Which region of the brain plays a part in the mechanism, responsible for emotions by associating sensory impulses, with feelings of pleasantness and unpleasantness? | Thalamus |
| What type of a skeletal muscle, or a group of muscles receives motor neurons from a given spinal nerve | Myotome |
| Acetylcholine binds to what receptors? | Cholinergic |
| Tongue moving is controlled by which cranial nerve? | Hypoglossal |
| Mixed cranial, nerves contain axons of | Sensory and motor neurons |
| The group between the frontal and parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex is the. | Central Sulcus |
| The action of acetylcholine is quickly terminated by being hydrolyzed by which enzyme? | Acetylcholinesterase |
| What are the two main types of adrenergic receptors? | Alpha and beta |
| Which nerve transmits impulses that result in sensations of the equilibrium ? | Vestibular |
| What sign is an extension of the great toe, without fanning the other toes, in response to choose stimulation of the outer margin of the sole of the foot | Babinski sign |
| Axiom terminals of autonomic neurons release, either to neuron transmitters | Norepinephrine and acetylcholine |
| The reticular activating system maintains | Consciousness |
| Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell? | Olfactory |
| The set of coordinated commands that control the programmed muscle activity, mediated by extra pyramidical pathways is called. | Motor program |
| Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are tonically active, which means | They continually conduct impulses to autonomic effectors |
| What consists of several structures that lie beneath the thalamus and form the floor of the third ventricle in the lower part of its laterals walls | Hypothalamus |
| Each skin surface area supplied by sensory fibers of a given spinal nerve is | Dematome |
| The limbic septum integrates | Emotions |
| A reflex consist of either muscle contraction or | Glandular secretion |
| What is another name for the parasympathetic nervous system? | Craniosacral |
| If the center of a reflex arch is in the brain the response it mediates is called | Cranial reflex |
| The son magic motor System The includes all of the voluntary motor pathways, where in the cns? | Outside |
| The second largest part of the brain located just below the posterior portion of the cerebrum is | Cerebellum |
| Many cerebral functions have typical locations. This fact is known as. | Cerebral localization |
| The cortex is capable of storing and retrieving information from both the short term and long term | Memory |
| What are the most numerous cerebral tracts | Associate tracts |
| What are the five different cells within the pancreatic islet? | The Alpha cells, beta cells, Delta sells, Epsilon cells and the PP cells. |
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