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Cardiovascular syste
Heart stuff
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is the path deoxygenated blood follows when returning to the heart? | superior and inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta |
| Vasodilation | the expansion in the diameter of blood vessels, which increases blood flow. Regulates temp |
| Vasoconstriction | the decrease in the diameter of blood vessels, which decreases blood flow. Regulates temp |
| Aorta | a large arterial trunk that arises from the base of the left ventricle and channels blood from the heart into other arteries throughout the body |
| aortic valve | the semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle |
| atrioventricular (AV) valves | the two valves (tricuspid and mitral) situated between the atria and the ventricles |
| cardiac output | the amount of blood pumped from the heart per minute |
| diastole | the period of relaxation in the heart when the chambers are filling with blood |
| endocardium | the innermost layer of the heart, which lines the interior of the heart chambers and covers the valves of the heart |
| epicardium | the outermost layer of the heart and the innermost layer of the pericardial sac |
| inferior vena cava | largest vein in the human body that returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart from body regions below the diaphragm |
| interatrial septum | the wall that separates the right and left atria in the heart |
| interventricular septum | thick wall that divides the two ventricles in the heart |
| mitral valve | the valve that closes the orifice between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart; bicuspid valve |
| myocardium | the middle layer of the heart, which makes up about 2/3 of the heart muscle |
| papillary muscle | one of the small muscular bundles attached at one end to the chordae tendineae and at the other to the innermost or endocardial wall of the ventricles; maintains tension on the chordae tendineae as the ventricle contracts |
| semilunar valves | valves situated at the opening between the heart and the aorta and at the opening between the heart and the pulmonary artery; they prevent backfl ow of blood into the ventricles |
| stroke volume | the volume of blood pumped from the heart per beat |
| superior vena cava | second largest vein in the body that returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body |
| systole | a period of contraction when the chambers are pumping blood out of the heart |
| tricuspid valve | the valve that closes the orifice between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart; composed of three cusps |
| arrhythmia | an irregular heartbeat or rhythm |
| atrial fibrillation | condition in which the atria contract in an uncoordinated, rapid manner (rate above 350 bpm), causing the ventricles to contract irregularly |
| atrioventricular node (AV node) | a small mass of tissue that transmits impulses received from the sinoatrial node to the ventricles via the bundle of His |
| baroreceptors | pressure-sensitive nerve endings in the atrium, aortic arch, and carotid arteries |
| bradycardia | a normal heart rhythm but with a rate below 60 bpm; a condition common among athletes |
| bundle of His | a slender bundle of modified cardiac muscle that conducts electrical impulses from the AV node to the left and right bundle branches to Purkinje fi bers in the ventricle |
| depolarize | to contract; the atria and ventricles depolarize as the heart beats |
| repolarize | to relax; the atria and ventricles repolarize as the heart beats |
| tachycardia | a normal heart rhythm but with a rate above 100 bpm |
| ventricular fibrillation | a life-threathin condition in which the heart ventricles quiver at a rate greater than 350 bpm |
| ventricular tachycardia | a life- threatening arrhythmia in which the ventricles, rather than the SA node, initiate the heartbeat; the heart rate is between 150 and 250 bpm, requiring swift medical attention |
| Purkinje fi bers | part of the impulse- conducting network of the heart that rapidly transmits impulses throughout the ventricles, causing ventricular contraction |
| premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) | condition in which Purkinje fi bers fi re before the SA node, causing the ventricles to contract prematurely |
| premature atrial contractions (PACs) | condition in which an irritable piece of atrial heart tissue fi res before the SA node, causing the atria to contract too soon |
| left bundle branches | the left limbs or branches through which electrical impulses are transmitted from the bundle of His through the left ventricle |
| heart block | a condition in which the impulses traveling from the SA node to the ventricles are delayed, intermittently blocked, or completely blocked by the AV node |
| aortic arch | the curved portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta |
| arteries | vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| arterioles | microscopic arteries that connect with capillaries |
| capillaries | small, thin-walled vessels where oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange occurs |
| brachial artery | the artery located at the fold of the elbow where the brachial pulse is detected |
| carotid artery | the artery located on the side of the neck, where the carotid pulse is felt |
| pulmonary circulation | circulation of oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle, through the lungs, and returning to the left atrium with oxygen-rich blood |
| systemic circulation | circulation of oxygenated blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the circulatory system, from the left ventricle to the right atrium |
| veins | vessels that carry blood to the heart |
| aneurysm | abnormal ballooning of a blood vessel, usually an artery, due to a weakness in the wall of the vessel |
| cardiomyopathy | heart failure caused by infection and weakening of the myocardium, or heart muscle |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the innermost lining of the heart, including the inner surface of the chambers and the valves |
| heart murmurs | extra or unusual sounds heard by a stethoscope during a heartbeat; may be harmless or indicative of a problem with one of the heart valves |
| hypertension | condition that occurs when the force of blood against the arterial wall remains elevated for an extended period of time; high blood pressure |
| ischemia | a lack of blood fl ow, usually due to the narrowing of a blood vessel |
| myocardial infarction | tissue death that occurs in a segment of heart muscle from blockage of a coronary artery; heart attack |
| myocarditis | inflammation of the myocardium, the middle layer of the heart (also known as the heart muscle) |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardial sac that surrounds the heart |
| stroke | a sudden blockage of blood fl ow, or rupture of an artery in the brain, that causes brain cells to die from lack of oxygen |
| valvular stenosis | a narrowing of the heart valve due to stiff or fused valve cusps |
Created by:
InshaC
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