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Skeletal system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 4 functions of the skeletal system | support, protection, movement facilitation, and storage of energy |
| ossification | the hardening of bone |
| osteoblasts | bone builders |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| osteoclasts | breaks down bone |
| periosteum | covers the bone in a thick fiber |
| diaphysis | the midsection/shaft of a long bone |
| epiphysis distal/proximal | the round ends of the bone |
| metaphysis | in between the epiphysis' and diaphysis' |
| red marrow | blood cells, and makes all blood |
| yellow marrow | storage of fat |
| articular cartilage | the ends of long bones to reduce friction |
| endosteum | a thin layer that lines the medullary cavity |
| epiphyseal line | a thin line of bone that separates spongy bone from red bone marrow |
| the differences between spongy and compact bone | Spongy is sof and "airy" while compact bone is dense |
| the similarities between spongy and compact bone | They are both made of osteocytes, bone cells, and a mineral matrix |
| BC - long | longer than wide, slightly curved, has a distinct shaft |
| BC - short | cube-like shape, equal in length and width, spongy texture, |
| BC- flat | thin and flat, compact bone, provides protection |
| BC - irregular | complex shaped, cant be classified into other categories |
| Bone Classification BC - sesamoid | small, rounded, usually in the carpals |
| foramen | an opening or a hole in bone ex: cranial bone |
| sinus | space within a bone lined with a mucus membrane ex: the nasal cavity |
| fossa | depression or groove, found in the head/cranial fossa |
| condyle | large rounded, prominence found on the inside part of the knee |
| tuberosity | large, rounded, roughened area for ligaments and tendons |
| trochanter | very large, blunt process used for muscle attachment, found in the pointed upper part of your femur |
| tubercle | small rounded process, found between the neck and the part above the ribs |
| process | projection from the surface found bulging from any large bone |
| suture | immovable joints that hold the cranial bones |
| fontanel | only found on infants to allow rapid growth before the cranial bones fuse together |
| axial group | skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum, hyoid bone |
| appendicular | clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges |
| what are the two axial bones that are unique and why | the hyoid bone is the only bone to not be connected to any other bone, located in the neck the mandible is the only bone that can move, the jaw |
| what is the number and letter for the cervical vertebrae, along with the location | C7 - the neck |
| what is the number and letter for the thoracic vertebrae, along with the location | T12 - where the ribs attach |
| what is the number and letter for the lumbar vertebrae, along with the location | L5 - weight bearing of the lower back |
| what is the number and letter for the sacrum vertebrae, along with the location | S5 - fused with the hip bones |
| what is the number and letter for the coccyx vertebrae, along with the location | C4 - four vertebrates fused into 2 separate bones called the sacrum and tail bone |
| synARTHOsis | no movement |
| DIArthrosis | free movement |
| amphiarthrosis | little movement |
| Ball and Socket | the shoulder - cuplike activity |
| hinge | elbow/knee - opens like a door |
| saddle | wrist - like hinge but more range of motion |
| plane | jaw - bones slide along beside one another |
| condyloid | fingers - allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, etc |
| Pivot | head/neck - move head side to side |
| ligament | provides structural stability, connects bone to bone, and is a band or cord of dense fibrous connective tissue |
| Tendon | connects bone to muscle attachment, a band or cord of dense fibrous connective tissue |
Created by:
angelkiss
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