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Anataomy - Aronson
Week 6-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| All of the following are muscles in the rotator cuff except: deltoid infraspinatus supraspinatus teres minor | deltoid |
| The latissimus dorsi muscle is an emaple of a _______ muscle. bipennate convergent spiral fusiform | spiral |
| The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Which of the following is true? The knee is acting as a fulcrum. The movement is an example of first-class lever. Both A and C. | The knee is acting as a fulcrum. |
| Which of the followingmuslces does not move the upper arm? Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Deltoid Trapezius | Trapezius |
| Another name for a spinchter is a ___ muscle. spiral circular fusiform convergent | circular |
| The linea alba is a band of connective tissue that runs over the rectus abdominis from the xiphoid process to the pubis. True False | True |
| The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the: deltoid latissimus dorsi trapezius pectoralis minor | latissimus dorsi |
| This statement about the muscles in the head is incorrect. | The splenius captis muscle is sometimes called the prayer muscle because it causes the head to bow. |
| The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the: | opponens pollicis |
| The muscle that flexes the seimpronated or semisupinated forearm is the: | brachoiradialis |
| Movement is one the most distinctive and easily observed "characteristics of life" | True |
| Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ___ of our body weight. | 50% |
| Muscles located ont he lower leg move the: | foot |
| In pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized? | Biceps brachii |
| Which of the following is not a group of pennate muscles? bipennate tripennate multipennate all of the above are groups of pennate muscles | tripennate |
| Muscles that move the upper are originate on the: | clavicle and scapula |
| The action of the brachialis muscle is to __ the forarm. | flex |
| Which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group? | biceps femoris |
| There are more than 600 muscles in the body. | True |
| A muscle is attached to the femur and tibia. Its function or action is to bend the knee. When it contracts, it is acting as the | prime mover |
| The pectoralis major muscle is an example of a ___ muscle | convergent |
| The prime mover can also be called the | agonist |
| The soleus muscle is an example of a ___muscle. | pennate |
| Poor posture puts an abnormal strain on bones and may eventually produce deformities. | True |
| Just as individual bone are the organs of the skeletal system, individual muscles are the organs to the musclular system. | True |
| The most common type of lever in the body is a ___ class lever. | third |
| Which of the following statements is incorrect? The origin of the muscle is attached to the bone that does not move. The insertion of the muscle is attached to bones that move. When the muscle contracts, insertion moves town the origin. | all of the above. |
| Most muscles span a joint. | True |
| Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the foot? Sartorius Peroneus longus Tibialis anterior Soleus | Sartorius |
| When an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group, the injury is on the: | posterior thigh |
| Which is not true of the myelin sheath? It is associated with the white fibers of the brain. It is important for nerve impulse conduction. It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord It is destroyed in those with multiple sclerosis. | It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord. |
| Interneurons reside in the: | CNS only |
| The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate: | skeletal muscles |
| Nevers that contain mostly afferent fibers are called ___ nerves. | sensory |
| Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve? | endoneurium |
| Most Unipolar neurons are usually | sensory neurons |
| Which is true ofa reflex arc? | it always consists of an afferent neuron and efferent neuron. |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: | cell bodies |
| The white matter of the nervous system is made of up: | myelinated fibers |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: | nuclei |
| Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have: | a neurilemma |
| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: | somatic nervous system |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: | dendrite, cell body and axon |
| Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: | perineurium |
| Dendrites conduct impulses _______cell bodies | toward |
| A neuron that has oly one axon but several dendrites is classified as a ____ neuron | multipolar |
| Which of the follwoing compounds cannot cross the blood-brian barrier? | Dopamine |
| In the human nervous system: | There are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. |
| One of the common components of the blood-brain barrier is: | astrocytes |
| Which of the following is not a function of the CNS? Integrating sensory information initiating an outgoing response Evaluating the information | all of the above |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ______nervous systems. | sypathetic and parasympathetic |
| The nervous system can be divided: according to its structure according to the direction of information flow by control effectors | in all of the above |
| Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following except: there is no neurolemma in cells of CNS astrocytes fill in the path of regrowth microgli lay down scar tissue | microglia lay down scar tissue |
| Astrocytes attach to: | neurons and oligodendrocytes |
| Multipolar neurons have: | multiple dendrites and one axon |
| The nervous system is organized to do which of the following? | Detect changes in the external environment dectect changes in the internal environment evaluate changes in the environment |
| The afferent pathways of the ANS? | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. |
| A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the CNS is called: | sensory neuron |
| The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the: | astrocytes |
| Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called ____ nerves. | sensory |
| All cell bodies of the ANS are located within the CNS. | False |
| Some parasympathetic post ganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem. | false |
| Axon terminals that secrest acetylcholine are called cholinergic terminals | True |
| All Cells bodies of the ANS are located within the CNS? | false |
| The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the ___cranial. | tenth |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except: subarachnoid space central canal third vertricle subdural space | subdural space |
| Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in: | nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord. |
| Which part of the vertebral column has on more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? | Cervical |
| The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consists of ____pairs. | 31 |
| Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs. | true |
| The sensory cranial nerves include only the: | olfactory, optic and vestibulocochlear |
| Beta Receptos: | bind norepinephrine |
| Allof the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except: | they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. |
| The lay of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the: | dura mater. |
| A patient complains of numbness in the skin of the buttocks and the posterior surface of the thigh and leg. The spinal nerve of peripheral branch most likely involved with this condition is the ____plexus. | coccygeal |
| Which of the following is a correct statement? There are 7 cervical nerve pairs There are 11 thoracic nerve pairs There are 5 lumbar nerve pairs All of the above are correct | There are 7 cervical nerve pairs |
| The spinal tract is located ont he side of the cord, originates in the brain, and terminates in the spinal cord in the _____tract. | lateral corticospinal |
| The lumbar plexus gives rise to the ____nerve. | femoral |
| The ANS includes efferent neurons? | false |
| The cervical plexus: Found deep in the neck is formed by the verntal rami of the first 4 cervical nerves and part of C5 includes the phrenic nerve | all of the above |
| Visceral effectors are innervated by smpathetic fibers | true |
| The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow are in the: | limbic system |
| The phrenic nerve is found in the ____plexus. | cervical |
| The areas of specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebreal hemisphere in: | about 90% of the population |
| The pyraminds are formed in the: | medulla |
| All of the following cranial nerves have a functinal classification of motor except: | vestibulocochlear |
| The spinal ganglion can be found on the _____of the spinal nerve. | dorsal nerve root |
| Several "vital centers" are located in the: | medulla |
| Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin? | pineal gland |
| Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are: | sensory |
| This statement does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti? | The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed. |
| largest purely endocrine gland in the body | thyroid gland |
| membrane attached to the stapes | oval window |
| endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in the immune function. | thymus gland |
| region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA | zona reticularis |
| which of the folloiwng areas has the highest ocncentration of cones? | the fovea centralis |
| The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as | infundibulum |
| class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function. | glucocorticoids |
| which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily form the endoderm of the pharynx? | thyroid and parathyroids |
| transparent mucous membranes covering the inner surface of the eyelid. | conjunctiva |
| transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers. | cornea |
| melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic | choroid |
| Receptors for hearing are located in the | cochlear duct |
| region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm. | adenohypophysis |
| fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye | vitreous humor |
| gel-like structure embedded with the tips of the cochlear hair cells | tectorial membrane |
| bony labyrith structure containing the utricle and saccule | vestibule |
| which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? | hypothalamic appetitie centers |
| the hormone produced by the heart | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine |
| the basilar membrane supports the | spiral organ |
| pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells | adrenal gland |
| hormone that inhibits osteoclasts activity in children | calcitonin |
| gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except: on the posterior wall of the pharynx on the fungigorm papillae of the anterior tongue on the apical surface of the vallate papillae on the tongue | on the apical surface of the vallate papillae on the tongue |
| which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? | iodine |
| pancreatic cell type that produces insulin | beta cells |
| the hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the | infundibulum |
| endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing. | cochlear duct |
| the nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the | facial |
| which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months? | the thyroid |
| endolymph is made | in the stria vascularis |
| the term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | antigen |
| mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called | valves |
| which mature cell has no nucleus, mitochondria or ribosomes? | erythrocyte |
| microscopic vessels that carry blood from small artieries to small veins are | capillaries |
| during fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | foramen ovale |
| a glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concetration is the tissues is | erythropoietin |
| from which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood? | coronary arteries |
| atria are often called _____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | receiving chambers |
| In ______, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing thru an intervening capillary network. | vascular anastomoses |
| the brachiocephalic vein drains blood from the | head, neck, and upper extremity |
| which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart? | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| the free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the | papillary muscles |
| renal veins drain blood from the | kidneys |
| internal iliac artery supplies blood to the | pelvis |
| which layer of the larger blood vessels is made of endothelium? | tunica intima |
| the heart has its own special covering, a loose fitting inextensible sac called the | pericardium |
| blood flow from the heart thru blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _______circulation. | systemic |
| the outer most layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica | adventitia |
| a graphic record of the hearts electrical activity is a(n) | ECG |
| All of the follow are granulocytes except neutrophils eosinophils lymphocytes basophils | lymphocytes |
| the molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is | hemoglobin |
| the bulk of the heart wall is thick, contractile middle layer called the | myocardium |
| the structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is the: | SA node |
| The ____ is supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery. | head and upper extremities |
| after blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | left atrium |
| erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells |
| which type of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta? | elastic arteries |
| the heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left vertricle are called | semilunar valves |
| the ______drains much of the superfial leg and foot | great saphenous vein |
| ____is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | hematocrit |
| because T cells attach pathogens more directly, T-cells immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity | cell-mediated |
| hassal corpuscles are part of the: | thymus |
| masses of lymphoid tissue located in the protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called | tonsils |
| about half of the lymph flowing thru the thoracic ducts comes from the: | liver and small intestine |
| which substance can destroy pathogens by lowering the pH to a level at which they cannot function? | Hydrochloric acid |
| primary organ of lymphatic system is the | thymus |
| lymphatics resemble veins except that lymphatics | have thinner walls, contain more valves, contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along thier course |
| lymph nodes are located in the groin are called | inguinal lymph notes |
| interferon inhibits the spread of | viruses and bacteria |
| the tonsils are located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity are called the ______ tonsils | pharyngeal |
| the breast-the mammary gland and surrounding tissue- is drained by the | lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple, lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the areola and nipple. |
| The main diffeence between composition of lymph and interstitial fluid and the composition of plasma is the ____ percentage of ____ in the lymph and interstitial fluid | lower, proteins |
| Which of the following is true statement? | lymph from the entire body, except the right upper quadrant, drains eventually into the thoracid duct |
| lymph capillaries are called lacteals are located in the: | small intestine |
| the spleen is located in the _____ region | left hypochondriac |
| the internal environment of the human body is protected by the_____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | skin |
| the lynphatic system, like the circulatory system is a closed circuit. | false |
| antibodies are proteins of the family called | immunoglobulins |
| lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the: | subclavian veins |
| the type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as "not self) is called | non-specific immunity |
| during their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into_____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. | thymocytes |
| lacteals | are the lymphatics in the villi of the small intestine, are able to absorb fat from the digestive system |
| which of the following is not a lymph organ? | pancreas |
| an infection in the thumb may result in enlargement of the ______ nodes. | superficial cubital |
| the lymph nodes locared just above the bend of the elbow are called ____lymph | supratrochlear |
| a type of blood cell produced by lymph nodes is called a(n) | monocyte |
| the size of lymph nodes vaires from ____ mm to more than ___ mm in diameter | 1;20 |
| each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called | germinal center |
| adaptive immunity, part of the bodys third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte |
| the cisterna chyll | originates int he thoracic duct |
| the smalled branches of the bronchial tree are: | bronchioles |
| the structure in the neck known as the "adam's apple" is the: | thyroid cartilage |
| the approximate length of the trachea or windpipe, is ___ cm. | 11 |
| which of the following is not part of the respiratory embrance? | ciliated repiratory mucosa |
| Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: | air |
| the fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the | oropharynx |
| the respiratory system can be divided into what two parts? | upper respiratory and lower respiratory tract |
| the lowre border of the cavity of the laryns is formed by the | cricoid cartilage |
| which of the following is not lined with cilated mucous membrane? | vestibule |
| which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes thru the nose into the pharynx | anterior nares, vestibule inferior, middle, superior meatus posterior nares |
| the more common name for the pharynx is the | throat |
| the upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the: | trachea |
| which of hte following is not an acessory structure of the respiratory system? | trachea |
| which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx | the serve in voice production |
| which of these structures is not found in the left lung? | horizontal fissure |
| the small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the: | epiglottis |
| which of the following is true of the cribiform plate? | it separates the nasal and cranial cavities |
| olfactory epithelium is found | covering the superior turbinate |
| the structures that deflect air as it passes thru the nose are called | conchae |
| the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the | horizontal fissure |
| the total number of lobes in both lungsis | 5 |
| the external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as | nostrils, anterior nares, external nares |
| the hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the | septum |
| the eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the: | nasopharynx |
| all of the following are true regarding the structure of surfactant except: | produced in the main stem bronchus |
| the division of the thoracic cavity include all of the following except the: | respiratory cavity |
| the largest of the paranasal sinuses is the: | maxillary |
| anatomically, how does the right bronchus differe from the left bronchus, and what efferect might this have on the aspiration of objects? | the right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. The anatomical fact helps explainwhy the aspiration of foreign objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus. |
| the anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the: | oropharynx |
| the respiratory portionof the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of ____ epithelium. | pseudostratified columnar. |
Created by:
aronsonb26
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