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anatomy prefinal
anatomy prefinal study
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? | Head pointing forward, Body standing erect, and Pinky is lateral as compared to the thumb |
| From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: | chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism. |
| The mediastinum contains all of the following except the: | right lung. |
| Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n): | organ. |
| The neck is ______ as compared to the right shoulder. | Medial |
| Molecules are: | atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates. |
| The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? | Umbilicus |
| If your reference point is “farthest from the trunk of the body” versus “nearest to the trunk of the body,” where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? | Proximal |
| The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: | heart. |
| Popliteal refers to the: | area behind the knee. |
| The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction | synthesis |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | Four |
| AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. | exchange |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution. | alkaline (basic) |
| Which of the following represents properties of water? | High specific heat High heat of vaporization Strong polarity |
| Acids: | are proton donors. taste sour. release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. |
| The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | Decomposition |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of: | protons. |
| In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will: | turn blue. |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis. |
| Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells? | Immune cells |
| The nucleus is the only structure in the cell that contains DNA. | False |
| A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read: | microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments. |
| Which of the following organelles is considered a nonmembranous organelle? | Ribosome |
| The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: | female sex cell or ovum. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins? | Acting as receptors Signal transduction Identification of “self” |
| Which of the following is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | It makes lipids and carbohydrates. |
| The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: | plasma membrane. |
| In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule: | faces the exterior of the cell. faces the interior of the cell. |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the: | glycoprotein molecules. |
| Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities? | epithelial |
| Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue? | cardiac |
| Which of the following contains intercalated disks? | cardiac muscle |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is | connective. |
| Which of the following is not a primary germ layer? | epiderm |
| The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the | neuron. |
| The structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body is the | hypodermis. |
| Besides water, extracellular matrix contains | proteins and proteoglycans. |
| A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called | mucus. |
| The _____ junction “glues” the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis. | dermoepidermal |
| Which of the following is not a type of bone? | regular |
| Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called | osteons. |
| Which lower leg bone is smaller and is located laterally? | fibula |
| The two bones that form the framework for the forearm are the | radius and ulna. |
| Which of the following is a bone in the leg? | femur fibula tibia |
| Which bone is located on the posterior aspect of the skull. | occipital |
| The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | pubic symphysis. |
| The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the | mandible. |
| The vertebral bones that support the small (lower section) of the back are the | lumbar vertebrae. |
| The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the | periosteum. |
| In pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized? | Biceps brachii |
| Which of the following statements is correct? | The origin of the muscle is attached to the bone that does not move. The insertion of the muscle is attached to the bone that moves. When the muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin. |
| Which of the following muscles does not move the upper arm? | Trapezius |
| Movement is one of the most distinctive and easily observed “characteristics of life.” | True |
| Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the thigh? | Sacrospinalis |
| Muscles located on the lower leg move the: | foot. |
| All of the following muscles are part of the rotator cuff muscles except the: | deltoid. |
| Poor posture puts abnormal strain on bones and may eventually produce deformities. | True |
| Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the: | perimysium. |
| The Achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and the soleus. | True |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: | dendrite, cell body, and axon. |
| The nervous system can be divided: | in all of the above ways. |
| Interneurons reside in the: | CNS only. |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Most unipolar neurons are usually: | sensory neurons. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)? | Integrating sensory information Evaluating the information Initiating an outgoing response (all are functions) |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: | nuclei. |
| The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate: | skeletal muscles. |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? | Dopamine |
| Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except: | microglia lay down scar tissue |
| The brainstem does not include the: | cerebellum. |
| Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm? | Brachial |
| Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin? | Pineal gland |
| All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except: | they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. |
| The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the: | limbic system. |
| Which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers? | Most inhibit the lower motor neuron. |
| Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem. | False |
| Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal, and _____, and is absorbed back into the blood. | subarachnoid space |
| Spinal nerves are _____ fibers. | motor and sensory |
| Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in: | nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord. |
| The hormone produced by the heart | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine. |
| Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid. | conjunctiva |
| Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm. | adenohypophysis |
| Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells. | adrenal gland |
| Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. | beta cells |
| Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? | iodine |
| The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the | infundibulum. |
| The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the | facial. |
| Receptors for hearing are located in the | cochlear duct. |
| Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children. | calcitonin |
| Atria are often called _____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | receiving chambers |
| Which of the following is not a formed element found in the blood? | plasma |
| The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called | semilunar valves. |
| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | foramen ovale |
| The brachiocephalic vein drains blood from the | head, neck, and upper extremity. |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hematocrit |
| The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is | hemoglobin. |
| The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the | SA node. |
| All of the following are granulocytes except | lymphocytes. |
| Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? | tunica intima |
| Lymph capillaries called lacteals are located in the: | small intestine. |
| Which of the following is a true statement? | Lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant, drains eventually into the thoracic duct. |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | skin |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte. |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a | germinal center. |
| Interferon inhibits the spread of: | viruses and cancer |
| Hassall corpuscles are part of the: | thymus. |
| Lacteals: | are the lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines. and are able to absorb fat from the digestive system. |
| The breast—the mammary gland and surrounding tissue—is drained by the: | lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple. and lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the areola and nipple. |
| The lymph nodes located in the groin are called the: | inguinal lymph nodes. |
| The respiratory system can be divided into what two parts? | Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract |
| The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are: | bronchioles. |
| Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane? | Ciliated respiratory mucosa |
| Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? | Vestibule |
| Which of these structures is not found in the left lung? | Horizontal fissure |
| The more common name for the pharynx is the: | throat. |
| Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: | air. |
| The total number of lobes in both lungs is: | 5 |
| Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx? | Anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares |
| The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as: | nostrils. anterior nares. external nares. |
| Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids, submandibulars, and sublinguals) secrete each day? | 1 liter |
| The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is _____ epithelium. | simple columnar |
| The more common term for deglutition is: | swallowing. |
| Phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called _____ cells. | Kupffer |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion? | Esophagus |
| The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called: | papillae. |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption? | Small intestine |
| The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the: | hepatic flexure. |
| The longest portion of the small intestine is the: | ileum. |
| Surgical removal of the gallbladder is referred to as: | cholecystectomy. |
| One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is the male urethra is: | part of two different body systems. |
| A portion of the nephron that can lie within the medulla is the: | nephron loop. |
| Substances travel from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule by the process of: | filtration. |
| Which of the following ions is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules? | Sodium |
| Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys? | Regulate blood sugar |
| The portion of the nephron tubule that is essentially always impermeable to water is the: | ascending nephron loop. |
| Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced? | Aldosterone ADH |
| Which of the following is the approximate threshold level for the reabsorption of glucose? | 300 mg/100 ml |
| Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the: | ureter. |
| Approximately how much blood flows through the kidneys per minute? | 1200 ml |
Created by:
Jaebabe13
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