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MC Bio 204 ch 16
the special senses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| photoreceptors | L/the inner (neural) layer of the retina |
| olfactory receptors | L/the olfactory epithelium, in the superior part of the nasal cavity || S/bipolar neurons |
| gustatory receptors | L/taste buds (on the tongue, and in smaller quantities in the upper palate, pharynx, and epiglottis) |
| astigmatism | a defect in which the eye cannot create a sharp focused image on the retina; can be caused by irregular curvature of cornea or lens |
| cataract | a clouding in the lens, leading to partial or complete loss of vision; can be caused by diabetes, hypertension, trauma, chromosomal disorders |
| conjunctivitis | acute inflammation of the conjunctiva; generally caused by allergies, but sometimes by viral or bacterial infection |
| retinal detachment | syndrome in which the retina detaches from its support tissue; can be caused by trauma or small tears that allow vitreous fluid to accumulate deep to the retina |
| conduction deafness | a type of hearing loss in which there is a problem conducting sound waves within the ear; can be caused by earwax buildup, infection, ostosclerosis, et al. |
| sensorineural hearing loss | hearing loss in which the root cause lies in the vestibulocochlear nerve or the structures of the inner ear (esp. the hair cells in the organ of Corti) |
| glaucoma | a disease in which the optic nerve is damaged; generally associated with excessive fluid damage in the eye |
| aqueous humor | L/the two chambers of the anterior cavity || S/filtered out of capillaries in the ciliary body; then enters the posterior chamber; flows forward between iris and lens; drains through sleral venous sinus; replaced every 90 min |
| fibrous tunic | L/superficial layer of the eyeball || S/consists of the cornea (anterior) and sclera (posterior) |
| sclera | the "white" of the eyeball || covers the entire eyeball, except the cornea || C/dense connective tissue |
| vascular tunic | the middle layer of the eyeball || comprised of choroid, ciliary body, and iris |
| choroid | posterior portion of the vascular tunic || highly vascularized; lines most of the internal surface of the sclera |
| perilymph | L/the bony labyrinth [superficial layer of the semicircular canals] || C/chemically similar to CSF |
| endolymph | L/membranous labyrinth [inner layer of the semicircular canals] |
| vitreous body | L/vitreous chamber [large cavity between lens and retina] || C/a jellylike substance [unlike aqueous humor, is not constantly replaced] || F/contains phagoctyes that remove debris; holds retina in place |
| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear |
Created by:
dglenn34
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