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SI Integumentary
Southeastern Institute A&P 3. Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Protection | The integumentary system uses the skin to act as a physical ,biological, and chemical barrier |
| Absorption | The integumentary system can take in fat-soluble substances I.e. oxygen, carbon dioxide, vitamins A,D,E,& K, steroids, resins of certain plants, organic solvents, and salts of heavy metals |
| Sensation | The integumentary system can be an extension of the nervous system, receives stimuli such as pressure, pain, & temperature |
| Temperature Regulation | Blood vessels in the dermis regulate the flow of the blood thus controlling the release of heat or maintaining heat in the body |
| Waste elimination | Sweat is an example |
| Vitamin D Synthesis | Molecules that are converted by the UV rays in sunlight to vitamin D |
| Immunity | Specialized cells, called Langerhans cells, they function along with helper Tcells to trigger useful immunological reactions |
| Epidermis | Layer of skin found above the dermis |
| Keratinocytes | Waterproofing cells |
| Melanocytes | Cells that produce melanin, skin pigment, contributes to color of skin, iris of eyes, & hair |
| Langerhans Cells | Work with helper T cells, they trigger immune reactions in certain pathological conditions |
| Stratum germinativum | Deepest layer of the epidermis |
| Merkel disks | Located in the epidermis, responds to light touch and discriminative touch |
| Stratum spinosum | “Prickly layer”, contains cells from both stratum germinativum and stratum granulosum |
| Stratum granulosum | Layer containing an accumulation of keratin granules. 3 to 5 cells deep, marks the beginning of change before the drying of the tissue |
| Stratum lucidum | Epidermal layer found in thick skin of the hands and feet |
| Stratum corneum | Outer most layer of the skin, cells no longer living, completely keratinized, ready to be sloughed off |
| Dermis | Hide, the true skin |
| Collagen | Makes up about 70% of the dermis, offers support to the nerves, blood vessels, hair follicles and glands |
| Elastin | Fibers found in collagen which gives the skin its elasticity and resilience |
| Hair follicles | Pouch like structures in the skin from which hair grows |
| Arrector pili | Muscles attached to the hair follicle that contract when you are cold or experiencing emotions such as fright or anxiety |
| Sebaceous glands | Oil glands, secrete sebum |
| Sudoriferous glands | Sweat glands, secretes sweat or perspiration |
| Meissner corpuscles | Mediates sensations of discriminative touch such as light vs. deep pressure, low-frequency vibration, most numerous in hairless areas such as nipples, fingertips, and lips |
| Pacinian corpuscles | Located in the deeper dermal layer, mainly of hands, feet, and joint capsules, they respond quickly to crude and deep pressure, vibration, stretch & perceive proprioceptive information about joint position |
| Hair Root Plexus | Hair follicle receptors, light-touch receptors that detect hair movement |
| Nociceptors | Free nerve ends |
| Subcutaneous Layer | Superficial fascia or hypodermis found below the dermis |
| Ruffini End Organs | Heat receptors |
| Krause’s End Bulbs | Cold receptors |
| Eccrine Sweat Glands | Most numerous sweat glands |
| Apocrine Sweat Glands | Sweat glands located in subcutaneous layer in the axillary region, areola of the breast, and pigmented skin around the anus that become active at adolescents |
| Ceruminous Glands | Modified apocrine glands that release its secretion of the surface of the external ear canal |
| Nails | Heavily keratinized, non living tissue, forms thin surfaces at distal ends of digits |
| Mole Changes “A” | Asymmetrical |
| Mole Changes “B” | Borders are uneven |
| Mole Changes “C” | Colors vary with different shade of black or brown |
| Mole Changes “D” | Diameter larger than a pencil eraser |
| Mole Changes “E” | Elevated |
| Mole Changes “F” | Fast growing |
Created by:
cmcracken
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