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Integumentary system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Skin physiology functions | regulation of body temp protection sensation communication excretion immunity dermis is a significant blood reservoir synthesis of vitamin D - calcium absorption |
| epidermis | stratified squamous epithelium 4 cell types: Keratinocytes - 90%; Melanocytes 8%; langerhans cells; merkel cells |
| keratinocytes | 90% filled with keratin waterproof barrier |
| melanocytes | produce melanin (pigment) pass melanin to keratinocytes |
| langerhans cells | phagocytes (from immune system) easily damaged by UV light |
| merkel cells | in deepest layer of hairless skin sensory transduction - touch |
| stratum basale | Bottom single layer of cuboidal/columnar cells stem cells, melanocytes, merkel cells stem cells (keratinocytes), mitosis pushed the other layers to the top |
| stratum spinosum | second layer from bottom 8-10 layers of closely packed cells cell junctions - spot desosomes langerhans/dendritic cells |
| stratum granulosum | 3rd layer from the bottom 3-5 layers of flattened keratohyaline granules beginning breakdown of nucleus cell death initiated |
| stratum lucidum | 4th layer from bottom only in thick skins (palms and feet) 2-5 layers of clear, flat dead cells with Keratin |
| stratum corneum | top layer 20-30 layers of flattend, dead, keratin-filled cells continuously shed and replace |
| Dermis | areolar and dense irregular connective tissue stretch and recoil easily location for blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, glands, hair follicles |
| Dermis structure - papillary region | outer layer 20% areolar connective tissue, elastic fibers some papillae contain meissner's corpuscles (for light touch) |
| dermis structure - reticular region | 80% Dense irregular connective tissue Collagen, elastic fibers in a network surrounding the various cells Fibers give strength, elasticity, extensibility Tears in reticular region = stretch marks |
| sebaceous gland | release oil connected to hair follicles, located in the dermis most secrete directly into follicles; some directly onto the skin |
| Holocrine gland (sebaceous) | secrete sebum fats, cholesterol, proteins, inorganic salts keeps hair from drying prevents water evaporation from keeps skin soft, supple inhibits growth of many bacteria |
| Sudoriferous gland | sweat maintain body temp, insignificant for waste removal salty and acidic solution inhibits most bacterial growth |
| eccrine sweat gland | most abundant(millions), especially on the palms and soles and the forehead secrete onto skin surface secretory portion located in the reticular dermis |
| apocrine sweat gland | less abundant, confined mostly to axillary and anogenital regions and the areolae of the breast secrete into hair follicle secrete more during emotional stress, sexual arousal secretory portion is located in the reticular dermis or the subcutaneous |
| ceruminous sweat gland | protect against ectoparasites (bugs) produce a bitter waxy secretion (cerumen) open into the external auditory meatus (ear canal) or into local sebaceous glands |
| mammary sweat gland | highly specialized for milk production hormonally regulated by estrogens, prolactin, and oxytocin |
| 1st degree burn | only epidermis is damaged no blisters heals in 2-3 days |
| 2nd degree burn | epidermis and upper regions of dermis are damaged blisters heals in 3-4 weeks |
| 3rd degree burn | entire thickness of skin is damaged no initial edema |
| Rule of nines | estimates the severity of burns |
| basale cell carcinoma | from stratum basale least malignant - 99% full cure |
| squamous cell carcinoma | from stratum spinosum good if removed early |
| melanoma | melanocyte cancer highly metastatic resistant to chemotherapy |
| cyanosis | bluish skin |
| jaundice | yellow/ orange skin liver problems cause it |
| bronzing | metallic appearance addison's disease |
| erythema | skin redness caused by exercise, embarrassment, high BP, certain drugs, inflammation, etc |
| Pallor | Pale, cold temps, stress, anemia |
| stretch marks | indicate tears in the reticular region |
Created by:
ericowen45
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