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Bones;skeletal tissu
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| support | function of bone a framework for the body |
| protection | function of bone Bones protect many internal organs EX: Cranial bones surround the brain; vertebrae surround the spinal cord; pelvic girdle surrounds the reproductive organs |
| movement | function of bone muscles attach to bone |
| mineral homeostasis | function of bone Ca2+, PO4- storage |
| site of blood cell reproduction | function of bone hematopoiesis in red bone marrow |
| diaphysis | shaft of a long bone contains medullary or marrow cavity |
| epiphysis | ends of a long bone contains epiphyseal plate contains nutrient foramen hyaline cartilage covers the epiphysis |
| epiphyseal plate | growth plate made of hyaline cartilage |
| nutrient foramen | site of a blood vessel entry into bone |
| compact bone | appears very dense most of the bone mass in the body |
| spongy bone "diploe" | small struts of bone (trabeculae) may appear randomly organized, but the trabeculae are generally oriented |
| osteoblast | bone forming cells secrete collagen and other organic components for bone synthesis found on any bone surface |
| osteocyte | mature bone cell embedded in matrix in lacunae with canaliculi maintain daily activities of bone tissue; nutrient and waste exchange |
| osteoclast | settle on bone surface function in bone resorption (matrix destruction) for growth, development, maintenance, repair |
| periosteum | 2 layers of connective tissue around bones fibrous layer(outer) - dense irregular connective tissue osteogenic layer(inner) - osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| sharpey's fibers | anchor periosteum to the bone |
| endosteum | lines the medullary cavity lines the trabeculae of spongy bone and lines the canals that pass through the compact bone contain osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| canaliculi | house multiple cytoplasmic extensions from the osteocytes |
| osteon | central canal with lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi |
| ossification/osteogenesis | bone formation 2 different types of bone formation |
| intramembranous ossification | "membrane bones" results in the formation of cranial bones and the clavicles all are flat bones |
| endochondral ossification | forms all bones below the base of the skull (except clavicle) uses hyaline cartilage "bones" as models for bone construction requires breakdown of hyaline cartilage prior to ossification mesenchymal cells specialize into osteoblasts |
| appositional bone growth | growth in width from the inside out osteoblasts from periosteum continue to add more bone to the outer surface of the |
| epiphyseal line | when the epiphyseal plate stops growing |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | falling blood Ca2+ levels signal the parathyroid glands to release PTH signals osteoclasts to degrade bone matrix |
| Human Growth Hormone (hGH) | stimulates epiphyseal plate during infancy and childhood responsible for general growth of all body tissues causes degeneration of cartilage cells in epiphyseal plates |
| insulin and thyroid hormones | important for bone and connective tissue growth and metabolism |
| osteomalacia(adults) | bones are inadequately mineralized causing softened, weakened bones main symptom is paint when weight is put on the effected bone caused by insufficiency in diet or by vitamin D deficiency |
| Rickets (children) | bowed legs and deformities of the pelvis, skull, and rib cage are common |
| osteoporosis | group of disease in which bone reabsorption outplaces bone deposit spongy bone of the spin is most vulnerable occurs most often in postmenopausal women bone becomes so fragile that sneezing or stepping off a curb can cause fractures |
| cranial bones joined by | Intramembranous ossification with sutures |
| C1 vertebrae | atlas does not have a body |
| C2 vertebrae | axis |
| cervical vertebrae | transverse foramina for blood vessels |
| thoracic vertebrae | facets for ribs to attach to |
| lumbar vertebrae | thickest to bear body weight |
Created by:
ericowen45
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