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SI CNS
Southeastern Institute A&P 9. Central Nervous System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Central Nervous System (CNS) | Make up of Brain and Spinal Cord, Protected by meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
Meninges | Protective connective tissue covering in the central nervous system |
Pia Mater | Innermost layer of meninges |
Subarachnoid | Space between meninges filled with CSF |
Arachnoid | Middle layer of meninges |
Subdural | Space between meninges |
Dura Mater | Outer most layer of meninges |
Epidural | Between dura mater & vertebral canal |
Cerebrospinal Fluid | Supplies CNS w/ oxygen and nutrients, Carries away waste, Shock absorber, Formed in choroids plexus in brain ventricles |
Spinal Cord | Exits skull through foramen magnum, Goes to L2, Conveys sensory and motor information |
Sulci | Grooves of the brain |
Gyri | Ridges of the brain |
Fissures | Sulci deep enough to divide brain into hemispheres |
Cerebrum | Largest part of brain which is divided into lobes |
Frontal Lobe | Motor output, Cognition, Speech production, Broca’s area in left hemisphere |
Corpus Callosum | Fibrous bundles connecting the 2 hemispheres |
Cerebral Cortex | Thin gray layer on outer portion of brain |
Parietal Lobe | Somatosensory, Skin and muscle, Taste |
Temporal Lobe | Auditory, Olfactory, Wernicke’s - language comprehension in left hemisphere |
Occipital Lobe | Visual input |
Right Hemisphere | Controls left side of body, Perception of nonspeech auditory sounds, Melodies, laughing, crying, coughing, Better at spatial relationships |
Left Hemisphere | Controls right side of body, Language – reception and expressive, Some skilled and general hand movements, Gestering |
Beta Brain Waves | Wakeful and mental activity |
Alpha Brain Waves | Relaxed and nonattentive |
Theta Brain Waves | Drowsiness, dream like, collective unconscious, out-of-body |
Delta Brain Waves | Deep sleep |
Diencephalon | Center of brain that contains thalamus & hypothalamus |
Thalamus | 80% of diencephalon, Sensory info to cerebrum |
Hypothalamus | Regulates ANS & endocrine by governing pituitary gland |
Cerebellum | Cauliflower shaped, Posterior and inferior to cerebrum, 2nd largest part of brain, Muscle tone, Coordinates complex movements, Regulates posture and balance |
Brainstem | Continuous with spinal cord, made up of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata |
Midbrain | Nerve impulses from cerebrum to pons, Sensory impulses from spinal cord to thalamus, Controls movement of eyes, head and neck in response to visual and auditory stimulus |
Pons | Nerve impulse back & forth in cerebellum, Helps control breathing |
Medulla Oblongata | Most inferior part of brainstem, Sensory and motor between spinal cord and brain,cross-over fibers that switch hemispheres vs. body, Respiratory center, Cardiovascular center, Vasomotor center, 5 pairs of cranial nerves branch from here |
Blood-Brain Barrier | Semipermeable wall of blood capillaries, Thick basement membrane & neuroglia, Prevent or slow down some chemical compounds & disease causing organisms into brain |
Considered most vital part of brain | Medulla Oblongata |